Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

Lesson 10    I have lost my way

I. Héi tho¹i (Conversations)

1. Hái ®­êng ®Õn kh¸ch s¹n
    (Asking the way to a hotel)

2. Hái ®­êng ®Õn §¹i sø qu¸n
(Asking the way to the Embassy)

3. Hái ®­êng ®i thµnh phè §µ N½ng
(Asking the direction to Danang city)

II. Ng÷ ph¸p (Grammar)

   1. "bao xa" means "how far?". You can ask "bao nhiªu c©y sè?" or "bao nhiªu ki-l«-mÐt?" ("bao xa" cã nghÜa lµ "how far". B¹n cã thÓ hái "bao nhiªu c©y sè?" hoÆc "bao nhiªu ki-l«-mÐt")

   Tõ ®©y ®Õn ga tµu bao xa?
   Ga tµu c¸ch ®©y bao xa?
   How far is it from here to the railway station?
   Ga tµu c¸ch ®©y 2 km.
   It is two kilometres from here to railway station.

   Nhµ anh c¸ch hå Hoµn KiÕm bao nhiªu c©y sè?
   How many kilometres is it from your house to Hoankiem lake?

   Nhµ t«i c¸ch hå Hoµn KiÕm 10km
   It is 10km from my house to Hoankiem lake.

2. When you want to ask about the purpose of an action, you can use "®Ó lµm g×?" or "lµm g×?" (What... for?) (Khi muèn hái vÒ môc ®Ých cña hµnh ®éng, b¹n dïng "®Ó lµm g×?" hoÆc "lµm g×?").

   ¤ng ®i Kuala Lumpur ®Ó lµm g×?
   Why are you going to Kuala Lumpur?
   T«i ®Õn ®ã ®Ó d¹y tiÕng ViÖt.
   I'm going there to teach Vietnamese.

   Anh ®Õn ®©y ®Ó lµm g×?
   What do you come here for?
   T«i ®Õn ®©y nghiªn cøu lÞch sö ViÖt Nam
   I come here to study the history of Vietnam.

To answer, you can use the word "®Ó" or don't use it (Trong c©u tr¶ lêi, b¹n cã thÓ hoÆc kh«ng dïng tõ "®Ó").

3. The word "b»ng" in Vietnamese has many meanings.
   (Tõ "b»ng" trong tiÕng ViÖt cã nhiÒu nghÜa)

a) "b»ng" means "by" ("B»ng" cã nghÜa lµ "by")

   ChÞ ®Õn ®©y b»ng g×?
   How did you come here?
   T«i ®Õn ®©y b»ng t¾c-xi.
   I came here by taxi.

   Bè anh sÏ ®i Sµi Gßn b»ng g×?
   How will your father go to Sai gon?
   Bè t«i sÏ ®i Sµi Gßn b»ng m¸y bay.
   My father 'll go to Sai gon by plane.

b) "b»ng" means "whit" ("b»ng" cã nghÜa lµ "with").

   Chóng t«i ¨n c¬m b»ng ®òa.
   We eat with chopsticks.
   T«i thÝch viÕt b»ng bót bi.
   I like writing with a ball-point pen.

c) "b»ng" means "in" ("b»ng" cã nghÜa lµ "in").

   T«i ph¶i viÕt luËn v¨n b»ng tiÕng ViÖt.
   I must write my thesis in Vietnamese.
   C¸c b¹n nªn nãi chuyÖn víi nhau b»ng tiÕng Anh.
   You should talk to each other in English.

d) "b»ng" also can translate into "of" in some cases.
    (Trong  mét sè tr­êng hîp, "b»ng" còng cã thÓ dÞch thµnh "of").

   Nhµ t«i lµm b»ng tre.
   My house is made of bamboo.
   Nh÷ng c¸i gi­êng nµy ®Òu ®­îc lµm b»ng gç tèt.
   These beds are made of good wood.

4. The word "c¸ch ®©y" has two meanings: "from here" and "ago" (Tõ "c¸ch ®©y" cã hai nghÜa : "from here" vµ "ago").

   Tr­êng ®¹i häc cña t«i c¸ch ®©y 6 c©y sè.
   It is six kilometres from here to my university.
   Anh Êy ®· vÒ n­íc c¸ch ®©y mét n¨m.
   He went back to his country one year ago.

* Note (Chó ý): When expressing the time, "c¸ch ®©y" can be replaced by the word "tr­íc" (Khi biÓu thÞ thêi gian, "c¸ch ®©y" cã thÓ ®­îc thay b»ng tõ "tr­íc"). For example (VÝ dô):

   Ng«i nhµ Êy bÞ ®æ c¸ch ®©y ba th¸ng.
   Ng«i nhµ Êy bÞ ®æ ba th¸ng tr­íc.
   That house collapsed three months ago.

5. Usage of the words "®­îc" and "bÞ"
    (C¸ch dïng c¸c tõ "®­îc" vµ "bÞ")

a) "®­îc" expresses the positive meaning of the subject. It is used when the subject receives something pleasant, good and lucky ("§­îc" biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tÝch cùc cña chñ thÓ. Nã ®­îc dïng khi chñ thÓ tiÕp nhËn nh÷ng c¸i hay, c¸i tèt, c¸i may m¾n).

   Con trai t«i ®­îc ®iÓm 10. (C©u chñ ®éng)
   My son has got ten marks (Active sentence)
   Con g¸i t«i ®­îc ®i Tokyo.
   My daughter has a chance to go to Tokyo.

   T«i ®­îc b¹n tÆng mét c¸i ®ång hå. (C©u bÞ ®éng)
   I was given a watch by my friend.  (Passive sentence)

   T«i ®­îc c« Êy tÆng mét c¸i h«n ngät ngµo.
   I was given a sweet kiss by her.

b) "bÞ" indicates the negative meaning of the subject. This word is used when the subject receives something unpleasant, unlucky ("bÞ" biÓu ®¹t ý nghÜa tiªu cùc cña chñ thÓ. Nã ®­îc dïng khi chñ thÓ tiÕp nhËn nh÷ng c¸i kh«ng hay, kh«ng may m¾n).

   Nã bÞ ®iÓm kÐm. (C©u chñ ®éng)
   He has got a bad mark. (Active sentence)
   Anh Êy bÞ ®i Bosnia
   He has to go to Bosnia

   C« Êy bÞ chång bá.   (C©u bÞ ®éng)
   She was divorced by her husband. (Passive sentence)

   Note (Chó ý): When "bÞ" stands before a verd, it can be replaced by the word "ph¶i" (Khi "bÞ" ®i tr­íc ®éng tõ, nã cã thÓ ®­îc thay b»ng tõ "ph¶i").

Anh Êy bÞ ®i Bosnia = Anh Êy ph¶i ®i Bosnia.
He has to go to Bosnia.

III. Thùc hµnh (Practice)

1. Xin lçi hái «ng, ®­êng nµo tíi kh¸ch s¹n Metropole ¹?
Excuse me, which way is the Metropole hotel?

* Ask the directions to the following places
   (H·y hái ®­êng ®Õn nh÷ng ®Þa ®iÓm sau)

2. Thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh c¸ch Hµ Néi bao xa?
    How far is it from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh city?
    Nhµ chÞ c¸ch së thó bao nhiªu ki-l«-mÐt?
    How many kilometres from your house to the Zoo?

    Thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh c¸ch Hµ Néi kho¶ng 1.800 km.
    It is about 1,800 km from Ho Chi Minh city to Hanoi.
    Nhµ t«i c¸ch së thó 12 c©y sè.
    It is 12 km from my house to the Zoo.

* Ask the distance between two following places then use the numbers in the brackets to anwer the questions (H·y hái vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch gi÷a hai ®Þa ®iÓm d­íi ®©y, sau ®ã dïng c¸c con sè trong ngoÆc ®¬n ®Ó tr¶ lêi c©u hái).

3. Anh ®i Tokyo ®Ó lµm g×?
    What did you go to Tokyo for?
   T«i ®i Tokyo th¨m b¹n.
    I went to Tokyo to visit my friend.

* Use the words in the brackets to answer the following questions (Dïng c¸c tõ trong ngoÆc ®¬n tr¶ lêi nh÷ng c©u hái sau)

¤ng Ali ®i thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh lµm g×?
What did Mr. Ali go to Ho Chi Minh city for?
(mua g¹o cña ViÖt Nam - buy rice from Vietnam)

Anh muèn mua hoa ®Ó lµm g×?
What do you want to buy flowers for?
(tÆng ng­êi yªu - give my girl-friend)

Anh dËy sím ®Ó lµm g×?
What do you get up early for?
(häc tiÕng ViÖt - learn Vietnamese)

ChÞ sÏ Êy sÏ ®Õn ®©y ®Ó lµm g×?
What will she come here for?
(gÆp anh - meet you)

4. Con trai anh ®i H¶i Phßng b»ng g×?
    How did your son go to Haiphong?
    Nã ®i H¶i Phßng b»ng tµu háa.
    He went to Haiphong by train.

* Use the following words to answer the question (Dïng c¸c tõ sau tr¶ lêi c©u hái).

ChÞ sÏ ®i thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh b»ng g×?
How will you to go Ho Chi Minh city?

5. Change the following sentences into the passive voice using "®­îc" or "bÞ" (Dïng "®­îc" hoÆc "bÞ" chuyÓn nh÷ng c©u sau thµnh c©u bÞ ®éng).

Model (MÉu): C« gi¸o khen chÞ Hellen.
The woman-teacher praised Miss Hellen.
ChÞ Hellen ®­îc c« gi¸o khen.
Miss Hellen was praised by her woman-teacher

Nã b¾n c« Êy.
He shot her.
ThÇy gi¸o phª b×nh t«i.
The teacher criticized me.
T«i mêi c« Êy ®i xem xiÕc.
I invited her to go to the circus.
C«ng an ph¹t c« Êy.
The policeman punished her.
C« Êy yªu t«i.
She loves me.
ChÞ Misaki tÆng t«i hai quyÓn s¸ch.
Mrs. Misaki gave me two books.

6. Complete the following conversation
(Hoµn thµnh ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

IV. ®äc hiÓu (reading comprehension)

§­êng ®Õn hå T©y
The way to the West lake

   Cã lÏ, trªn thÕ giíi, hiÕm cã nh÷ng n­íc cã mét c¸i hå cùc réng mµ l¹i ë ngay trong lßng thñ ®« cña m×nh nh­ hå T©y, Hµ Néi.

   §øng tr­íc hå, nghe sãng vç vµ nh×n ch©n trêi xa tÝt, du kh¸ch cã c¶m gi¸c nh­ ®ang ®øng tr­íc biÓn. Hå T©y, v× vËy, ®­îc coi lµ l¸ phæi cña thñ ®« Hµ Néi.

   Hå T©y ë gÇn qu¶ng tr­êng Ba §×nh lÞch sö vµ ®­îc ng¨n c¸ch víi hå Tróc B¹ch bëi ®­êng Thanh Niªn r©m m¸t, h÷u t×nh.

   Chung quanh hå lµ hµng lo¹t danh lam th¾ng c¶nh næi tiÕng: ®Òn Quan Th¸nh, chïa TrÊn Quèc, phñ T©y Hå, lµng hoa Ngäc Hµ... Kh¸ch s¹n T©y Hå, kh¸ch s¹n næi Th¾ng Lîi, khu nghØ m¸t Qu¶ng B¸, lµng du lÞch NhËt B¶n,  nhµ næi trªn mÆt hå víi c¸c qu¸n cµ-phª vµ qu¸n ¨n ®Æc s¶n,... lµ nh÷ng ®iÓm dõng ch©n lµm võa lßng du kh¸ch.

   Buæi tèi, nÕu cã thêi gian, xin mêi quý kh¸ch ®Æt ch©n lªn thuyÒn rång ®Ó võa xem ca nh¹c võa d¹o m¸t quanh hå.

   Cã nhiÒu con ®­êng ®Ó du kh¸ch ®Õn víi hå T©y. Tõ s©n bay Quèc tÕ Néi Bµi, ®­êng cao tèc sÏ ®­a quý kh¸ch ®Õn th¼ng "l¸ phæi vÜ ®¹i" nµy.

The Way to the West Lake

   West Lake is very special because of its location in the capital of Hanoi.

   When you stand by the lake to listen to the waves crashing and look to the distance, you may think you are standing by the sea. As a result, West Lake is regarded as the lung of the capital.

   Surrounding the lake are a number of beautiful places as Quan Thanh temple, Tran Quoc pagoda, Tay Ho palace, Ngoc Ha flower village, Tay Ho hotel, Thang Loi hotel, the holiday area, the Japan tourism village and a floating house with cafes and speciality restaurants. All these places attract many domestic and foreign tourists.

   In the evening, you can have a tour on a dragon boat around the lake, enjoying the music and the views.

   There are many ways for tourists to visit West Lake. People usually depart from Noi Bai International Airport along the Thang Long highway to this great lung of the capital.

Tõ ng÷ - Vocabulary

V. bµi tËp (exercises)

1. How to ask? (Hái thÕ nµo?)

a) You don't know the way to the Hai Phong port, how do you ask? (B¹n kh«ng biÕt ®­êng ®Õn c¶ng H¶i Phßng, b¹n hái thÕ nµo?)

b) You don't know how to go to the National Library, how do you ask? (B¹n kh«ng biÕt ®i ®Õn Th­ viÖn Quèc gia b»ng g×, b¹n hái thÕ nµo?)

c) You don't know how far it is from Tan Son Nhat Airport to the city centre, how do you ask? (B¹n kh«ng biÕt tõ s©n bay T©n S¬n NhÊt ®Õn trung t©m thµnh phè bao xa, h¹n hái thÕ nµo?)

2. Fill in the blanks with "®­îc" or "bÞ"
(§iÒn "®­îc" hoÆc "bÞ" vµo chç trèng)

a) Th¸ng sau t«i................ ®i Canada.
    I 'll have a chance to go to Canada next month.

b) Con t«i........................... mét chiÕc ¸o míi.
    My child has got a new jacket.

c) B¹n t«i......................... c¶m
    My friend had a cold.

d) Nã................................ ®iÓm 1
    He has got mark 1.

e) CËu bÐ Êy....................... mÑ ®¸nh.
    That boy is beaten by his mother.

g) ¤ng Êy......................... ChÝnh phñ tÆng th­ëng Hu©n ch­¬ng.
    He is awarded an order by the government.

3. Use "b»ng g×?" to make questions to the following sentences
(Dïng "b»ng g×?" ®Æt c©u hái cho c¸c c©u sau)

Model (MÉu): ¤ng Êy ®i HuÕ b»ng m¸y bay.

a) Bè t«i ®i H¶i Phßng b»ng tµu háa.
   My father went to Haiphong by train.

b) Ng­êi ViÖt Nam ¨n c¬m b»ng ®òa.
   The Vietnamese eat with chopsticks.

c) Chóng t«i nãi chuyÖn víi nhau b»ng tiÕng Ph¸p.
    We talk with each other in French.

d) C¸i bµn kia lµm b»ng gç.
    That table was made of wood.

4. Answer the follwing questions
    (Tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái sau)

a) Hå T©y n»m ë ®©u?

b) §øng tr­íc hå, du kh¸ch cã c¶m gi¸c thÕ nµo?

c) §­êng nµo ng¨n c¸ch hå T©y vµ hå Tróc B¹ch?

d) Chung quanh hå cã g×?

e) Du kh¸ch cã thÓ d¹o m¸t quanh hå b»ng g×?

5. Find the incorrect sentences and correct them.
    (T×m vµ ch÷a c©u sai)

a) T«i viÕt víi bót ch×.

b) Hä nãi chuyÖn víi nhau trong tiÕng NhËt.

c) Hµ Néi tõ H¶i Phßng h¬n 100 c©y sè.

d) Hµ Néi c¸ch Sµi Gßn mÊy c©y sè?

e) ChÞ cø rÏ th¼ng.

g) ChÞ Êy ®i Trung Quèc b»ng xe ®¹p ph¶i kh«ng?

6. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

a) How far is it from here to Hue city?

b) Is it 500 km from here to Hue city.

c) What does your son go to Japan for?

d) My grandfather died ten years ago.

e) We have a chance to go to Australia.

g) My friend was divorced by his wife.

vi. gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

1.

a) Xin lçi hái «ng (bµ,...), ®­êng nµo tíi (®i) c¶ng H¶i Phßng ¹?

b) Xin lçi hái «ng (bµ,...), t«i cã thÓ ®i ®Õn Th­ viÖn Quèc gia b»ng g×?

c) Xin lçi hái «ng (bµ,...), tõ s©n bay T©n S¬n NhÊt ®Õn trung t©m thµnh phè bao xa (bao nhiªu c©y sè, bao nhiªu k.m)?

2.

a) Th¸ng sau t«i ®­îc ®i Canada.

b) Con t«i ®­îc mét chiÕc ¸o míi.

c) B¹n t«i bÞ c¶m

d) Nã bÞ ®iÓm 1.

e) CËu bÐ Êy bÞ mÑ ®¸nh.

g) ¤ng Êy ®­îc ChÝnh phñ tÆng th­ëng Hu©n ch­¬ng.

3.

a) Bè anh (chÞ, cËu...) ®i H¶i Phßng b»ng g×?

b) Ng­êi ViÖt Nam ¨n c¬m b»ng g×?

c) C¸c anh (c¸c chÞ...) nãi chuyÖn víi nhau b»ng tiÕng g×?

d) C¸i bµn kia lµm b»ng g×?

4.

a) Hå T©y n»m ë trong lßng thñ ®« Hµ Néi.

b) §øng tr­íc hå, du kh¸ch cã c¶m gi¸c nh­ ®øng tr­íc biÓn.

c) §­êng Thanh niªn ng¨n c¸ch hå T©y vµ hå Tróc B¹ch.

d) Chung quanh hå cã hµng lo¹t danh lam th¾ng c¶nh næi tiÕng.

e) Du kh¸ch cã thÓ d¹o m¸t quanh hå b»ng thuyÒn rång.

5.

a) T«i viÕt b»ng bót ch×.

b) Hä nãi chuyÖn víi nhau b»ng tiÕng NhËt.

c) Hµ Néi c¸ch H¶i Phßng h¬n 100 c©y sè.

d) Hµ Néi c¸ch Sµi Gßn bao nhiªu c©y sè?

e) ChÞ cø ®i th¼ng./
    ChÞ cø rÏ tr¸i (ph¶i)

g) Correct

6.

a) Tõ ®©y ®Õn thµnh phè HuÕ bao xa?

b) Tõ ®©y ®Õn thµnh phè HuÕ 500 k.m./
    Tõ ®©y ®Õn thµnh phè HuÕ, ®­êng dµi 500 k.m.

c) Con trai anh (chÞ...) ®i NhËt ®Ó lµm g×?

d) ¤ng t«i mÊt c¸ch ®©y 10 n¨m./
   ¤ng t«i mÊt 10 n¨m tr­íc.

e) Chóng t«i ®­îc ®i Australia.

g) B¹n t«i bÞ vî bá.