Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. héi tho¹i (conversations)

1. §i ®©u? §i b»ng g×? (Where to go? How to go?)

2. ë ga Hµ Néi (At the Hanoi Railway Station)

3. Gäi t¾c-xi (Calling a taxi)

ii. ng÷ ph¸p (grammar)

1. The word "cã thÓ" has two meanings ("cã thÓ" cã 2 nghÜa)

a) It has meaning "maybe", "perhaps", "possible"

Cã thÓ anh Êy ®óng.
Maybe he is right.
Cã thÓ ngµy mai b¹n t«i sÏ ®Õn ®©y.
Maybe my friend'll come here tomorrow.

With this meaning, you can replace it with "cã lÏ"
(Víi nghÜa nµy, b¹n cã thÓ thay nã b»ng tõ "cã lÏ")

Cã lÏ chÞ Êy sai
Maybe she is wrong.

b) Its second meaning is "can" (NghÜa thø hai cña nã lµ "can").

   "Cã thÓ" often goes with the word "®­îc" in order to indicate the ability to implement a certain action ("cã thÓ" th­êng ®i víi tõ "®­îc" ®Ó chØ kh¶ n¨ng thùc hiÖn mét hµnh ®éng nµo ®ã).

   You can just use only the word "cã thÓ", just the word "®­îc" or both of them together (B¹n cã thÓ dïng chØ tõ "cã thÓ", chØ tõ "®­îc" hoÆc c¶ hai).

Remember the formula (H·y nhí c«ng thøc):

Cã thÓ + verb
Verb + ®­îc
Cã thÓ + verb + ®­îc

Examples (VÝ dô);

Anh cã thÓ ®i t¾c-xi hoÆc xe buýt.
You can go by taxi or bus.
T«i cã thÓ chê chÞ ®Õn tËn 11 giê ®ªm.
I can wait for you untill 11 p.m.

ChÞ Êy nãi ®­îc tiÕng NhËt.
She can speak Japanese.
T«i lµm ®­îc bµi tËp sè 9
I can do exercise number 9.

Chóng t«i cã thÓ mua ®­îc 5 «-t« Toyota.
We can buy 5 Toyota cars.
Hä cã thÓ ¨n ®­îc nh÷ng mãn ¨n rÊt cay.
They can eat very hot dishes.

Questions (C©u hái):

cã thÓ....................®­îc kh«ng?
cã thÓ............................ kh«ng?
............................. ®­îc kh«ng?
Can..........................................?

T«i cã thÓ ®i b»ng tµu thñy ®­îc kh«ng?
Can I go by ship?
§­îc. ChÞ cã thÓ ®i b»ng tµu thñy ®­îc.
Yes. You can  go by ship.

Anh ¨n thÞt bß ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you eat beef?
V©ng. T«i ¨n ®­îc.
Yes. I can eat beet.

ChÞ nãi ®­îc tiÕng ý kh«ng?
Can you speak Italian?
Kh«ng. T«i kh«ng nãi ®­îc tiÕng ý.
No. I can't speak Italian.

2. In order to show the direction of an action, you can use the words "ra" (go out, out), "vµo" (go in, in), "lªn" (go up, up), "xuèng" (go down, down),... (§Ó chØ h­íng cña hµnh  ®éng, b¹n cã thÓ dïng c¸c  tõ "ra", "vµo", "lªn", "xuèng",...).

Hä võa míi ®i lªn trªn tÇng 12 (lÇu 11).
They have just gone up to the 11^th floor.
C¸c con t«i ®i xuèng d­íi tÇng mét (lÇu trÖt).
My children have gone down to the ground floor.
Con mÌo ®ang ch¹y ra ngoµi v­ên.
The cat is running out to the garden.
ChÞ Êy võa ®i vµo trong phßng.
She has come into her room.

Note the combinations (Chó ý c¸c kÕt hîp):

These words of direction do not have to follow the verb "®i" and the precede prepositions "trªn", "d­íi", "trong", "ngoµi" (c¸c tõ chØ h­íng nµy kh«ng b¾t buéc ph¶i ®i sau ®éng tõ "®i" vµ ®i tr­íc c¸c giíi tõ "trªn", "d­íi", "trong", "ngoµi").

You can say (B¹n cã thÓ nãi):

Anh ®i ®©u ®Êy?
Where are you going?
T«i lªn tÇng s¸u (lÇu 5).
I am going up to the fifth floor.
T«i xuèng tÇng mét (lÇu trÖt).
I am going down to the ground floor.
T«i ra v­ên.
I am going out to the garden.
T«i vµo phßng gi¸m ®èc.
I am going into the director's office.

Notes (Chó ý):

   * In Vietnam, if you go to the north from the south, you must use the word "ra". If you go to the south from north, you must use the word "vµo". For examples (VÝ dô):

Th¸ng sau tí sÏ ra Hµ Néi.
I'll go to Hanoi next month.
{The speaker in Ho Chi Minh city}
{TuÇn sau tí sÏ vµo thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh.
{I am going to Ho Chi Minh city next week.
{The speaker is staying in Hanoi}

   * If you go to the central area of Vietnam from Hanoi, you must use the word "vµo" but from Ho Chi Minh city, you use the word "ra".

ChÞ Êy võa míi vµo §µ N½ng.
She has just gone to Danang.
{The speaker is staying in Hanoi}

ChÞ Êy võa míi ra §µ N½ng.
She has just gone to Danang.
{The speaker is staying in Ho Chi Minh city}

   * Within an area and in general, if you go north-wards, you use the word "lªn", if you go south-wards, you use the word "xuèng".

T«i muèn lªn §µ L¹t.
I want to go up to Dalat.
{The speaker is staying in Ho Chi Minh city}

Hä muèn xuèng Nam §Þnh.
They want to go (down) to Namdinh.
{The speaker is staying in Hanoi}

3. The words "nªn", "cÇn", "ph¶i".

a) "nªn" means "should" ("nªn" cã   nghÜa lµ "should").

Anh nªn ë l¹i ®©y mét th¸ng.
You should stay here for one month.
ChÞ nªn ®i víi anh Êy.
You should go with him.
C¸c anh nªn ®i VÞnh H¹ Long.
You should go to Halong Bay.

b) "cÇn" means "need", "want".

Chóng t«i cÇn tiÒn b©y giê.
We need money now.
Anh cÇn mÊy  vÐ?
How many tickets do you want?
TrÎ em cÇn s÷a.
Children need milk.

c) "ph¶i" means "must", "have to".

   H«m nay t«i ph¶i ®i vµo lóc 6 giê.
   I must leave at 6 o'clock today.
   H«m qua chóng t«i ph¶i dËy rÊt sím.
   We had to get up very early yesterday.
   Anh ph¶i ®i b©y giê ph¶i kh«ng?
   Do you have to go now?

   * The negative form (thÓ phñ ®Þnh):

   kh«ng nªn    shouldn't
   kh«ng cÇn    don't need
   kh«ng ph¶i   don't have to

   ChÞ kh«ng nªn giËn anh Êy.
   You shouldn't be angry with him.
   T«i cÇn t×nh yªu, t«i kh«ng cÇn tiÒn.
   I need  love. I don't need money.
   H«m qua t«i kh«ng ph¶i ®i chî.
   I didn't have to go to market yesterday.

4. The usage of the words "®i................ vÒ"
   (C¸ch dïng cÆp tõ "®i.......... vÒ").

   ChÞ Êy ®i ®©u vÒ?
   Where did she come back from?
   ChÞ Êy ®i Tokyo vÒ.
   She came back from Tokyo.
   T«i võa míi ®i Bangkok vÒ
   I have just come back from Bangkok.
   ¤ng Nam ®i Mü vÒ h«m qua.
   Mr. Nam came back from the U.S.A yesterday.

5. Asking about time to go from one place to another. (C¸ch hái vÒ thêi gian ®i tõ ®iÓm nµy ®Õn ®iÓm kh¸c)

   Tõ ®©y vÒ nhµ anh ®i t¾c-xi mÊt bao l©u?
   How long does it take you to go by taxi back to your house from here?
   T«i ®i mÊt 20 phót.
   It take me 20 minutes.

   Tõ Hµ Néi vµo thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh, c¸c anh ®i m¸y bay mÊt bao l©u?
   How long does it takes you to go by plane to Ho Chi Minh city from Hanoi?
   Chóng t«i ®i mÊt 1 giê 45 phót.
   It takes us 1 hour 45 minutes.

III. thùc hµnh (practice)

1. ¤ng Hïng ®i ®©u vÒ?
    Where did Mr. Hung come back from?
    ¤ng Êy ®i Paris vÒ.
    He came back from Paris.

* Use the words in the brackets to answer the following questions (Dïng c¸c tõ trong ngoÆc tr¶ lêi nh÷ng c©u hái sau)

2. Tõ Hµ Néi ®Õn Kuala Lumpur, c¸c anh ®i m¸y bay mÊt bao l©u?
   How long did it take you by plane from Hanoi to Kuala Lumpur?
   Chóng t«i ®i mÊt 3 tiÕng.
   It took us 3 hours.

      * Use the numbers and words in the brackets to answer the following questions (Dïng c¸c sè vµ tõ trong ngoÆc tr¶ lêi nh÷ng c©u hái sau)

Tõ thµnh phè HuÕ vÒ quª, chÞ ®i tµu háa mÊt bao l©u? (4 tiÕng)
How long does it take you by train from Hue city to your village? (4 hours)
Tõ thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh vÒ n­íc, anh ®i m¸y bay mÊt bao l©u? (8 tiÕng)
How long does it take you by plane from Ho Chi Minh city to your country? (8 hours).
Tõ nhµ anh ®Õn s©n bay, anh ®i t¾c-xi mÊt bao l©u? (20 phót)
How long does it take you by taxi from your house to the airport? (20 minutes)
Tõ ®©y ®Õn c¶ng Sµi Gßn, anh ®i xe m¸y mÊt bao l©u? (15 phót)
How long does it take you by motorbike from here to the Saigon port? (15 minutes)

3. Make questions following the model:
   (§Æt c©u hái theo mÉu)

--------> Tõ nhµ chÞ ®Õn hiÖu s¸ch, chÞ ®i xe m¸y mÊt bao l©u?
How long does it take you by motorbike from your house to book-shop?

4. Add "lªn", "xuèng", "ra" or "vµo" to the following sentences
   (§iÒn c¸c tõ "lªn", "xuèng", "ra" hoÆc "vµo" vµo nh÷ng c©u sau)

B¹n t«i ®ang ®i...............d­íi tÇng 1.
My friend is going.............to the ground floor.
Anh Êy ®ang trÌo............nói.
He is climbing..............mountain.
Con chã ch¹y............... s©n.
The dog runs.............the yard.
MÑ t«i võa míi..........bÕp.
My mother has just gone..............the kitchen.

5. Answer the questions following the model:
   (Tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái theo mÉu sau)

ChÞ Êy nãi ®­îc tiÕng Th¸i kh«ng?
ChÞ Êy nãi tiÕng Th¸i ®­îc kh«ng?
Can she speak Thai?
§­îc. ChÞ Êy nãi ®­îc.
Yes. She can.
Kh«ng. ChÞ Êy kh«ng nãi ®­îc.
No. She can't.

Anh cã thÓ bay vµo thø hai ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you fly on Monday?
§­îc. T«i cã thÓ bay vµo thø hai ®­îc.
Yes. I can fly on Monday.
Kh«ng. T«i kh«ng thÓ bay vµo thø hai ®­îc.
No. I cannot fly on Monday.

ChÞ ¨n ®­îc sÇu riªng kh«ng?
Can you eat durian?
Anh chê chÞ Êy ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you wait for her?
¤ng cã thÓ gÆp th­ ký cña t«i ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you meet my secretary?
Bµ cã thÓ ®Õn ®©y vµo thø hai tíi ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you come here next Monday?
C¸c anh lµm ®­îc bµi tËp nµy kh«ng?
Can you do this exercise?
ChÞ cã thÓ dÞch bµi b¸o nµy ra tiÕng T©y Ban Nha ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you translate this article into Spanish?
T«i cã thÓ gÆp n÷ hoµng ®­îc kh«ng?
Can I meet the Queen?
C¸c chÞ uèng ®­îc bia kh«ng?
Can you drink beer?
Con g¸i anh ¨n ®­îc tái kh«ng?
Can your daughter eat garlic?
ChÞ cã thÓ ngñ ë ®©y tèi nay ®­îc kh«ng?
Can you sleep here tonight?

IV. §äc hiÓu (reading comprehension)

§­êng hµng kh«ng vµ nh÷ng vô tai n¹n m¸y bay
Airlines and air accidents

   Tõ lóc ®i bé ®Õn khi biÕt dïng c¸c ph­¬ng tiÖn giao th«ng nh­ thuyÒn bÌ, xe ngùa, xe ®¹p råi «-t«, tµy thñy, xe löa, nh©n lo¹i ®· cã mét b­íc tiÕn kh¸ dµi trong viÖc lµm cho c¸c vÞ trÝ kh«ng gian "xÝch l¹i gÇn nhau". Vµ tõ chç chØ dïng c¸c ph­¬ng tiÖn "b¸m s¸t mÆt ®Êt" ®Õn chç cã thÓ bay lªn kh«ng trung víi mét tèc ®é cùc lín mµ kh«ng bÞ r¬i, nh©n lo¹i l¹i cã mét b­íc tiÕn míi trong viÖc chinh phôc kho¶ng kh«ng vò trô. Ngµy nay, viÖc ®i l¹i b»ng m¸y bay ®· trë nªn phæ biÕn ë kh¾p n¬i trªn thÕ giíi. Ng­êi ta nãi, hiÖn ®· cã nh÷ng s©n bay nhén nhÞp ®Õn møc trung b×nh cø mét phót cã mét m¸y bay cÊt c¸nh hoÆc h¹ c¸nh. C¸c nhµ khoa häc cßn dù b¸o r»ng, tõ thÕ kû 21, con ng­êi sÏ "­a" ®i m¸y bay h¬n tµu háa, cho dï lµ tµu háa siªu tèc. Qu¶ thËt, m¸y bay ®· ®em l¹i bao nhiªu Ých lîi cho con ng­êi. §iÒu ®ã rÊt hiÓn nhiªn vµ ai còng biÕt.

   Song cã mét vÊn ®Ò ®· vµ ®ang lµm cho hµnh kh¸ch lo l¾ng, ®ã lµ ë hÇu hÕt c¸c n­íc ®Òu cã nh÷ng vô tai n¹n m¸y bay kh¸ th¶m khèc. So víi c¸c ph­¬ng tiÖn kh¸c nh­ «-t«, tµu háa..., khi tai n¹n x¶y ra, m¸y bay l¹i lµ ph­¬ng tiÖn dÔ "giÕt ng­êi" nhÊt. Kh¶ n¨ng sèng sãt cã lÏ chØ lµ mét phÇn ngh×n. NghÜ ®Õn ®iÒu ®ã, ai còng lo sî.

   Nh­ng thËt lµ l¹c quan khi ng­êi ta c«ng bè kÕt qu¶: so víi c¸c ph­¬ng tiÖn kh¸c, tai n¹n m¸y bay, ng­îc l¹i, x¶y ra Ýt nhÊt. Vµ ®i l¹i b»ng m¸y bay an toµn h¬n bÊt cø ph­¬ng tiÖn nµo.

   B¹n cã tin ®iÒu ®ã kh«ng?

Airlines and Air Accidents

   From walking to using transport such as boats, carriages, bicycles and cars, ships and trains, mankind has made many advances in making distant locations "closer". And from using "ground-tied" vehicles to flying through the air at a high speed without falling, mankind has made a new advance in conquering the universal space. Nowadays, travelling by air has become popular everywhere in the world. It is said that there are such busy airports that there is a plane landing or taking off every minute. Scientists estimate that from the 21^st century, people will prefer travelling by plane to train, including super-express ones. In fact, travelling by air is very useful for people. This is obvious and everyone knows.

   However, there is a problem that worries passengers which is there are terrible air accidents in almost all countries. In comparison with other vehicles such as cars, trains… when an accident occurs, plane is the one which will kill people most easily. The chances of survival may be only one thousand to one. Everyone is afraid when they think about this.

   But it is comforting that in comparison with other vehicles, air accidents happen the least. And travelling by air is safer than any other means.

   Would you believe it?

Tõ ng÷ - Vocabulary

V. Bµi tËp (exercises)

1. Complete the following conversation
  (Hoµn thµnh ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

A TuÇn sau tí sÏ...............................
     Theo cËu, tí nªn..........................?
B   Tõ ®©y vµo HuÕ, cËu cã thÓ ®i b»ng m¸y bay, «-t« hoÆc tµu háa.
     Theo tí, cËu.........®i tµu háa.
A   NÕu b»ng tµu háa, tí ®i........................?
B    MÊt kho¶ng 12 tiÕng.
A    Mçi ngµy cã.................chuyÕn tµu vµo HuÕ?
B    Cã hai chuyÕn.
A    Tµu khëi hµnh lóc....................?
B     ChuyÕn s¸ng, lóc 8 giê cßn chuyÕn chiÒu vµo lóc 6 giê.

2.Find the incorrect sentences and correct them.
   (T×m vµ ch÷a c©u sai)

a) Anh Êy vÒ råi tõ H¶i Phßng.
b) ChÞ Êy lªn tÇng 11.
c) Con mÌo tõ trong nhµ ch¹y vµo s©n.
d) Con chÞ Êy ngåi ë trong nhµ cßn chÞ Êy ®i vµo v­ên.
e) Ngµy mai cã thÓ t«i sÏ ®i Vòng Tµu.
f) Nã võa míi ®i vµo ë trong phßng.

3. Translate the following sentences into English
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng Anh)

a) T«i kh«ng thÓ chê chÞ Êy l©u h¬n ®­îc.
b) Cã thÓ chóng t«i sÏ ®i b»ng tµu háa.
c) Tõ nhµ t«i ®Õn s©n bay, t«i ®i t¾c-xi mÊt 30 phót.
d) Chång t«i võa ®i Kuala Lumpur vÒ.
e) Anh nªn gÆp b¸c sÜ s¸ng nay.
f) Con mÌo ®ang trÌo lªn c©y.
g) C¸c em ph¶i lµm bµi tËp sè 4.
h) H«m nay t«i kh«ng ®i ®­îc.
i) Tõ nhµ chÞ ®Õn c¬ quan, chÞ ®i xe m¸y mÊt bao l©u?
k) Xin mêi vµo!
l) T«i cã thÓ ®i s©n bay b»ng g×?
m) ChÞ ®i Tokyo lÇn nµo ch­a?

4. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau ®©y sang tiÕng ViÖt)

a) My friend wants to go up to Langson.
b) You should go by plane.
c) I have to meet my friend at 5 p.m today.
d) How long does it take you by train from Bangkok to Kuala Lumpur.
e) It takes me 34 hours.
f) How can I go to Ho Chi Minh city?
g) I am going to fly to Osaka tomorrow morning.
h) My son has just come back from Austria.
i) Maybe he is ill.
k) I can do this exercise.
l) I love her. I need her.
m) You shouldn't drink alcohol.

VI. Gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

1.
A TuÇn sau tí sÏ vµo HuÕ./ TuÇn sau tí sÏ ®i HuÕ.
    Theo cËu, tí nªn ®i b»ng g×?
B  Tõ ®©y vµo HuÕ, cËu cã thÓ ®i b»ng m¸y bay, «-t« hoÆc tµu háa.
     Theo tí, cËu nªn ®i tµu háa.
A   NÕu b»ng tµu háa, tí ®i mÊt bao l©u?
B    MÊt kho¶ng 12 tiÕng.
A   Mçi ngµy cã mÊy chuyÕn tµu vµo HuÕ?
B   Cã hai chuyÕn
A   Tµu khëi hµnh lóc mÊy giê?
B   ChuyÕn s¸ng lóc 8 giê cßn chuyÕn chiÒu vµo lóc 6 giê.

2.
a) Anh Êy ®i H¶i Phßng vÒ råi.
b) correct
c) Con mÌo tõ trong nhµ ch¹y ra s©n./
  Con mÌo tõ ngoµi v­ên ch¹y vµo s©n.
d) Con chÞ Êy ngåi ë trong nhµ cßn chÞ Êy ®i ra v­ên.
e) Correct
f) Nã võa míi ®i vµo trong phßng./
   Nã võa míi ®i vµo phßng.

3.
a) I cannot wait for her any longer.
b) Maybe we will go by train.
c) It takes me 30 minutes by taxi from my house to the airport.
d) My husband has just come back from Kuala Lumpur.
e) You should see a doctor this morning.
f) The cat is climbing up the tree.
g) You must do exercise number 4.
h) I cannot go today.
i) How long does it take you by motorbike from your house to your office?
k) Come in, please!
l) How can I go to the airport?
m) Have you ever been to Tokyo?

4.
a) B¹n t«i muèn lªn L¹ng S¬n.
b) ¤ng (bµ,...) nªn ®i m¸y bay.
c) H«m nay t«i ph¶i gÆp b¹n t«i vµo lóc 5 giê chiÒu.
d) Tõ Bangkok ®Õn Kuala Lumpur, «ng (bµ,...) ®i tµu háa mÊt bao l©u?
e) T«i ®i mÊt 34 giê.
f) T«i cã thÓ ®i thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh b»ng g×?
g) S¸ng mai t«i sÏ bay ®i Osaka.
h) Con trai t«i võa ®i ¸o vÒ.
i) Cã thÓ «ng Êy (anh Êy) bÞ èm.
k) T«i cã thÓ lµm ®­îc bµi tËp nµy./
   T«i lµm ®­îc bµi tËp nµy./
   T«i lµm bµi tËp nµy ®­îc.
l) T«i yªu c« Êy. T«i cÇn c« Êy.
m) Anh («ng,...) kh«ng nªn uèng r­îu.