Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. Héi tho¹i (Conversations)

1. Hái vÒ c¸c ng©n hµng ë Hµ Néi
(Asking about banks in Hanoi)

2. ë Public Bank (At the Public Bank)

...................................

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*      *

3. Lµm thÎ rót tiÒn (Getting an automated teller machine
[A.T.M] card to withdraw money)

ii. ng÷ ph¸p (grammar)

   1. Both "hay" and "hoÆc" are used to indicate choice and mean "or" in English, however "hoÆc" is only used in affirmative sentences while "hay" can be used both in affirmative and in interrogative sentences (C¶ "hay" lÉn "hoÆc" ®Òu ®­îc sö dông ®Ó biÓu thÞ sù lùa chän vµ ®Òu cã nghÜa lµ "or" trong tiÕng Anh. Tuy nhiªn, "hoÆc" chØ ®­îc dïng trong c©u t­êng thuËt cßn "hay" th× ®­îc dïng trong c¶ c©u t­êng thuËt lÉn c©u hái).

Ngµy mai hoÆc ngµy kia chÞ Êy sÏ ®Õn ®©y.
She is coming here tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
ChÞ ¨n mãn nµo: c¸ hay thÞt bß?
Which do you eat: fish or beef?
T«i ¨n thÞt bß hoÆc (hay) c¸ ®Òu ®­îc.
I can eat either fish or beef.

You can not ask (B¹n kh«ng thÓ hái):
   ChÞ ¨n mãn nµo: c¸ hoÆc thÞt bß?   (--)

   2. The "kh«ng (ch¼ng).......... g× c¶" pattern is used to indicate absolute, complete negative meaning. It means "not..........anything at all", "nothing" (KÕt cÊu "kh«ng (ch¼ng).....g× c¶" ®­îc sö dông ®Ó biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa phñ ®Þnh hoµn toµn, tuyÖt ®èi. Nã cã nghÜa "not..... anything at all", "nothing").

T«i kh«ng hiÓu g× c¶.
I don't understand  anything at all.
H«m qua nã kh«ng ¨n g× c¶.
He didn't eat anything at all  yesterday.
Anh Êy kh«ng nãi g× c¶.
He said nothing.

   * The ".cã..................g× ®©u" pattern also means "not.............anything at all" but this pattern is often used to reject one's opinion (KÕt cÊu "cã.........g× ®©u" còng cã nghÜa "not...........anything at all" nh­ng nã th­êng ®­îc dïng ®Ó phñ ®Þnh ý kiÕn cña mét ng­êi nµo ®ã).

H«m qua chÞ mua s¸ch ph¶i kh«ng?
Did you buy books yesterday?
Kh«ng. T«i cã mua g× ®©u.
No. I didn't buy anything at all.

Anh lµm xong bµi tËp sè 3 råi ph¶i kh«ng?
Did you finish exercise 3?
T«i cã lµm g× ®©u.
I didn't do anything at all.

   3. The "kh«ng............®©u c¶" pattern means "not.............anywhere at all" (CÊu tróc "kh«ng............®©u c¶" cã nghÜa "not..............anywhere at all").

S¸ng nay t«i kh«ng ®i ®©u c¶.
This morning I didn't go anywhere at all.

   4. "V×..........nªn......" (Because.........; As........) - the conjunction structure used to indicate the cause - effect relation ("V×..........nªn........" - cÆp liªn tõ ®­îc dïng ®Ó biÓu thÞ mèi quan hÖ nguyªn nh©n - kÕt qu¶).

V× trêi m­a to nªn chóng t«i kh«ng thÓ khëi hµnh ®­îc.
As it was raining hard,  we couldn't start.
V× con g¸i chÞ Êy èm nªn chÞ Êy kh«ng ®Õn ®©y.
As her daughter was ill, she didn't come here.

Note (Chó ý): You can place the word "v×" after the effect-clause (B¹n cã thÓ ®Æt tõ "v×" sau mÖnh ®Ò chØ kÕt qu¶).

T«i yªu c« Êy v× c« Êy rÊt ®Ñp.
I love her because she is very beautiful.
T«i ph¶i ®i ng©n hµng v× t«i hÕt tiÒn råi.
I must go to the bank because I have run out of money.

   If you don't use the word "v×", you can place the word "nªn"  after the cause-clause (NÕu kh«ng dïng tõ "v×", b¹n cã thÓ ®Æt tõ "nªn" sau mÖnh ®Ò chØ nguyªn nh©n).

C« Êy rÊt ®Ñp nªn t«i yªu c« Êy.
She is very beautiful, so I love her.
T«i kh«ng yªu c« Êy nªn c« Êy rÊt buån.
I don't love her, so she is very sad.

   5. The word "nh­" is used to compare the characteristics of two things or objects. It means "like", "as" or "such as" (Tõ "nh­" ®­îc dïng ®Ó so s¸nh nh÷ng ®Æc ®iÓm, tÝnh chÊt cña hai sù vËt, ®èi t­îng. Nã cã nghÜa nh­ "like", "as", "such as").

Gi¸o s­ Tomota nãi tiÕng ViÖt nh­ ng­êi ViÖt.
Prof. Tomita speaks Vietnamese like a Vietnamese.
Hå T©y réng nh­ biÓn.
West Lake is as wide as the sea.

   6. The "kh«ng.........nµo c¶" pattern is also used to indicate absolutely negative meaning. It means "not.......any.........at all" (KÕt cÊu "kh«ng............nµo c¶" còng ®­îc dïng ®Ó biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa phñ ®Þnh tuyÖt ®èi. Nã cã   nghÜa "not........any......at all").

T«i kh«ng cã quyÓn tõ ®iÓn nµo c¶.
I don't have any dictionaries at all.
Th¸ng tr­íc t«i kh«ng m­în quyÓn s¸ch nµo c¶.
I didn't borrow any books at all last month.
ë ®©y kh«ng cã ng©n hµng t­ nh©n nµo c¶.
There aren't any private banks at all here.

   * If you want to reject an opinion, you can use the "cã............nµo ®©u" pattern (NÕu b¹n muèn b¸c bá ý kiÕn cña mét ng­êi nµo ®ã, b¹n cã thÓ dïng cÊu tróc "cã.........nµo ®©u").

H«m qua chÞ mua s¸ch µ?
Did you buy books yesterday?
Kh«ng. T«i cã mua quyÓn s¸ch nµo ®©u?
No. I didn't buy any books at all.

III. thùc hµnh (practice)

1. Complete the following conversations
   (Hoµn thµnh c¸c ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

*
*     *

*
*     *

*
*      *

   2. Use the following expressions to answer the question
       (Dïng nh÷ng côm tõ sau tr¶ lêi c©u hái)

Anh muèn më tµi kho¶n ë ®©u?
Where do you want to open your account?

Ng©n hµng Nhµ n­íc
The State Bank
Ng©n hµng Ngo¹i th­¬ng
The Vietcombank
Ng©n hµng C«ng th­¬ng
The Bank for Industry and Trade
Ng©n hµng N«ng nghiÖp
The Bank for Agriculture
Ng©n hµng §Çu t­ vµ Ph¸t triÓn
The Bank for Investment and Development

   3. Use the following expressions to answer the question
      (Dïng nh÷ng côm tõ sau tr¶ lêi c©u hái)

Cã nh÷ng ng©n hµng n­íc ngoµi nµo ë Hµ Néi?
Which foreign banks are there in Hanoi?

The Public Bank
Maybank
ANZ Bank
Hongkong Bank

   * Replace ®æi tiÒn  by the following
    (Thay "®æi tiÒn" b»ng nh÷ng tõ sau)

5.  T«i muèn ®æi ®«-la Mü ra (sang, lÊy) ®ång ViÖt Nam.
    I want to change US dollar to Vietnamese dong.

   *. Make sentences  with the following words
    (H·y t¹o c©u víi nh÷ng tõ sau)

iv. ®äc hiÓu (reading comprehension)

Dù ¸n 3,2 tû USD cho tßa nhµ 500 tÇng

   NhËt B¶n lµ mét n­íc ®Êt chËt, ng­êi ®«ng. ë c¸c ®« thÞ lín, vÊn ®Ò nhµ ë ngµy cµng trë thµnh nhu cÇu v« cïng cÊp b¸ch. ChÝnh v× vËy mµ c¸c nhµ khoa häc, c¸c nhµ  kiÕn tróc vµ chÝnh phñ NhËt ®· vµ ®ang tËp trung c«ng søc tÝnh to¸n gi¶i quyÕt viÖc quy ho¹ch, x©y dùng nhµ ë trong thÕ kû 21 s¾p tíi. Vµ thÕ lµ mét dù ¸n t¸o b¹o ®· ra ®êi: dù ¸n x©y dùng nhµ chäc trêi 500 tÇng, ®å sé nhÊt thÕ giíi, víi ®é cao 2.000 mÐt.

   Theo Obayashi Gumi, ng­êi ®øng ®Çu nhãm kiÕn tróc s­ thiÕt kÕ tßa nhµ chäc trêi  nµy, ®Þa ®iÓm x©y dùng sÏ n»m ë vïng ngo¹i « thñ ®« Tokyo. Tßa nhµ cã cÊu tróc h×nh ch÷ T, víi 500 tÇng, ®ñ søc chøa 300.000 ng­êi, ®­îc bè trÝ hÖ thèng thang m¸y tù ®éng, cã thÓ tõ tÇng cao nhÊt xuèng tÇng 1 chØ mÊt kho¶ng 15 phót. Tõ trong tßa nhµ nµy, ng­êi ta vÉn cã thÓ ng¾m phong c¶nh xung quanh víi tÇm nh×n xa kho¶ng 1,6 km. C¶ tßa nhµ ®­îc coi nh­ mét thµnh phè thu nhá, bëi v× ngoµi c¸c phßng ë cßn cã ®Çy ®ñ c¸c v¨n phßng lµm viÖc, hiÖu ¨n, r¹p chiÕu  phim, tr­êng häc, bÖnh viÖn, b­u ®iÖn,... KÓ tõ khi khëi c«ng ®Õn lóc hoµn thµnh viÖc x©y dùng tßa nhµ chäc trêi nãi trªn dù tÝnh ph¶i mÊt kho¶ng 25 n¨m víi tæng chi phÝ h¬n 3,2 tû ®«-la Mü.

   ¤ng Shuzimo kh¼ng ®Þnh r»ng ngay sau khi ng©n s¸ch dµnh cho dù ¸n ®­îc phª chuÈn, viÖc x©y dùng tßa nhµ chäc trêi 500 tÇng sÏ lËp tøc ®­îc gÊp rót tiÕn hµnh vµ cã thÓ ng­êi d©n NhËt sÏ ®­îc sèng trong "thµnh phè thu nhá" nµy sím h¬n dù ®Þnh.

(Theo b¸o TiÒn Phong)

US $3.2 Billion Project for a 500-storey Building

Japan is a country with crowded land and a large population. In big cities, the housing shortage is becoming more and more apparent. This is why scientists, architects and the Japanese government were and still are working together to deal with the planning and construction of housing for the coming 21st century. And this is why a bold new project has been unveiled: a project to build a 500 storey, residential building of enormous dimensions, arguably the biggest in the world, at a height of 2000 metres.

According to Obayashi Gumi, head of the architecture team in charge of designing this project, the construction site will be located in Tokyo’s suburban area. The building will have a T-shape structure, with 500 storeys, enough to hold 300,000 people, and an automatic elevator system which enables people to go from the highest floor down to the ground floor within 15 minutes. From this building, a viewer can see the surrounding scenery for a 1.6 km distance. The whole building can be seen as a small city, because apart from residential apartments, this building will have numerous offices, restaurants, cinemas, schools, a hospital and a post office. From the start of the construction to its completion, this building will take around 25 years and with a total budget of US $3.2 billion.

Mr Shuzimo affirmed that right after the budget was agreed the building was approved. This 500-storey skycraper will begin construction and maybe Japanese people will be able to live in this "small city" ahead of schedule.

Tõ ng÷ - Vocabulary

v. bµi tËp (exercises)

a) Insert "hay" or "hoÆc" in the following sentences
   (§iÒn tõ "hay" hoÆc tõ "hoÆc" vµo nh÷ng c©u sau)

1. Anh cã thÓ ®æi tiÒn ë ng©n hµng nhµ n­íc........ng©n hµng t­ nh©n ®Òu ®­îc.
2. Ai sÏ ®i ng©n hµng b©y giê: anh................t«i?
3. H«m nay......................ngµy mai, chÞ sÏ ®i rót tiÒn?
4. ChÞ cã thÓ nhËn tiÒn ®ång ViÖt Nam............®«-la Mü.
5. Anh sÏ ë ®©y mét tuÇn.....................hai tuÇn?
6. Xin lçi, chÞ muèn göi tiÒn....................rót tiÒn?

b) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

1. I would like to cash these traveller's cheques.
2. What is the exchange rate today?
3. Please change the US dollars to Vietnamese money.
4. I'd like to open an account.
5. I can't hear anything at all.
6. I don't have a watch at all.
7. She is as beautiful as the moon.
8. Have you got a new car?
    No. I haven't got a car at all.
9. Where did you go yesterday?
   I didn't go anywhere at all.
10. Do you want to change US dollars to Vietnamese dong?

c) Translate the following sentences into English
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng Anh)

1. T«i muèn më tµi kho¶n ë ng©n hµng nµy.
2. T«i muèn ®æi tiÒn yªn NhËt ra ringgit Malaysia.
3. ¤ng muèn rót tiÒn ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
4. V× bè t«i hÕt tiÒn nªn «ng Êy ph¶i ®i ng©n hµng.
5. ¤ng muèn nhËn tiÒn g× ¹?
6. ChÞ Êy ®Õn ®©y h«m qua hay h«m kia?
7. H«m qua anh Êy kh«ng mua quyÓn s¸ch nµo ë ®©y c¶.
8. Bµ cÇn lo¹i tiÒn nµo ¹?
9. Gi¸ ®æi h«m nay lµ 1 ®«-la Mü ®­îc 11,000 ®ång.
10. Xin cho t«i tiÒn lÎ.

vi. gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

a)
1. hoÆc/hay
2. hay
3. hay
4. hoÆc
5. hay
6. hay

b)
1. T«i muèn ®æi c¸c sÐc du lÞch nµy ra (sang, lÊy) tiÒn mÆt.
2. Gi¸ ®æi h«m nay lµ bao nhiªu ¹?
3. Xin (lµm ¬n) ®æi ®«-la Mü sang tiÒn ViÖt Nam.
4. T«i muèn më tµi kho¶n.
5. T«i kh«ng nghe thÊy g× c¶.
6. T«i kh«ng cã chiÕc (c¸i) ®ång hå nµo c¶.
7. ChÞ Êy ®Ñp nh­  mÆt tr¨ng.
8. Anh (chÞ,...) cã chiÕc «-t« míi ph¶i kh«ng?
   Kh«ng. T«i cã chiÕc «-t« nµo ®©u.
9. H«m qua anh (chÞ,...) ®i ®©u?
   T«i kh«ng ®i ®©u c¶.
10. Anh (chÞ,...) muèn ®æi ®«-la Mü sang (ra, lÊy) ®ång ViÖt Nam ph¶i kh«ng?

c)
1. I'd like to open an account in this bank.
2. I'd like to change Japanese yen to Malaysian ringgit.
3. Do you want  to withdraw money?
   Would you like to withdraw money?
4. As my father has run out of money, he must go to the bank.
5. What currency do you want, sir?
6. Did she come here yesterday or the day before yesterday?
7. He didn't buy any books at all here yesterday.
8. How would you like the money, madam?
9. Today's exchange rate is 1 US dollar to 11,000 dong.
10. Please give me small change.