Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. Héi tho¹i (Conversations)

1. ë cöa hµng quÇn ¸o (At the clothes shop)

A   Xin cho t«i xem chiÕc ¸o kia.
      Can I have a look at that shirt?
B   Anh cÇn cì nµo ¹?
     Wat size do you want?
A   Cì trung b×nh.
     Medium.
B   §©y ¹. ChiÕc nµy tr«ng võa víi anh.
     Here it is. It  looks good for you.
A   §óng thÕ. Tr«ng võa l¾m.
      It does look good, indeed.
     Nã gi¸ bao nhiªu ¹?
     How much is it?
B   T¸m m­¬i ngµn ®ång.
     80,000 dong.
A   Xin gãi l¹i gióp. TiÒn ®©y ¹.
     Please wrap it. Here's the money.
B   C¶m ¬n anh.
     Thank you.
C   Anh cÇn g× ¹?
     Can I help you?
D   ChÞ cã quÇn bß kh«ng ¹?
     Do you have jeans?
C   Cã ¹.
     Yes, I do.
     Xin ®i lèi nµy.
     This way, please.
     RÊt nhiÒu. Anh cã thÓ chän c¸i nµo anh thÝch.
     So many. You can choose what you like.
D   Xin t×m gióp t«i mét c¸i mÇu xanh.
     Please get me some green ones.
C   V©ng. §©y ¹.
     All right, sir. Here you are.
     Anh cÇn cì nµo ¹?
    What size do you want?
D   Cì 32 ¹.
     Size 32, please.
C   §©y, cì 32.
     Here's size 32.
D   Phßng thö ë ®©u ¹?
     Where is the fitting room?
C   ë gãc kia ¹.
     It is over there in the corner.
     Anh cã thÓ ®i theo ng­êi ®éi mò ®á kia.
    You can follow the person in the red hat.
D   Kh«ng sao. T«i cã thÓ tù t×m ®­îc.
     No problem. I can find it myself.

*
*   *

C   Anh thö xong råi ¹?
     Have you already tried them on?
D   V©ng, xong råi.
     Yes, I have.
C   Nã cã võa kh«ng ¹?
     Do they fit you, sir?
D   T«i e r»ng nã qu¸ ng¾n.
     I am afraid they are too short.
     C¸i nµy chØ dµi mét mÐt.
     These ones are only one metre long.
C   Anh cÇn c¸i dµi h¬n ph¶i kh«ng?
     Do you want longer ones?
D   V©ng ¹.
     Yes, please.
C   §©y ¹.
     Here you are, sir.
D   §­îc råi. C¶m ¬n chÞ.
     O.k. Thank you.
     Bao nhiªu ¹?
    How much?
C   Hai tr¨m n¨m m­¬i ngµn.
     250,000 dongs.

2. ë hiÖu giÇy (At the shoe shop)

E   T«i muèn mua mét ®«i giµy thÓ thao.
     I want a pair of sports shoes.
     ¤ng cã kh«ng ¹?
     Do you have any?
F   Cã ¹.
     Yes, we have.
     Cì nµo, th­a «ng?
     What size, sir?
E   T«i cÇn cì sè 9.
     I want size nine.
F   §©y ¹. Mêi «ng ®i thö.
     Here you are. Try them on, please.
E   Võa l¾m. §­îc råi, t«i lÊy ®«i nµy.
     They are quite comfortable. Okay, I'll take them.

*
*   *

G   Bµ cÇn g× ¹?
     Can I help you, madam?
H   ChÞ cã thÓ cho t«i xem ®«i giµy ë trªn kia ®­îc kh«ng?
      Can you show me the pair of shoes on the top?
G   §­îc ¹. §©y ¹.
     Certainly. Here you are.
     Xin bµ ngåi ®©y thö ¹.
     Please sit down here and try them on.
H   V©ng. C¶m ¬n.
     Yes. Thank you.
G   Võa chø bµ?
     They fit you, don't they?
H   å, nã h¬i to.
      Oh, they are a bit too big for me.
      Xin cho t«i xem ®«i nhá h¬n.
     Please show me the smaller ones.
G   §«i nµy thÕ nµo ¹?
      What about these?
H   §­îc. §«i nµy rÊt võa.
      O.k. they fit me very well.
      Gi¸ bao nhiªu ¹?
     What is the price?
G   §«i nµy gi¸ n¨m tr¨m ngµn.
      They cost 500,000 dongs.
H   å, ®¾t qu¸ (m¾c qu¸).
      Oh, too expensive.
G   Kh«ng ®¾t ®©u. Giµy ngo¹i ®Êy ¹.
     Not expensive. They are imported ones.
     ChÊt l­îng rÊt tèt.
     High quality.
H   T«i tr¶ chÞ bèn tr¨m r­ìi ®­îc kh«ng?
     I'll give you 450,000 dong, O.k.?
G   §­îc ¹. C¶m ¬n bµ.
     O.k. Thank you.

3. ë hµng thÞt (At the butcher's market)

I   ChÞ mua thÞt ®i.
    Can I buy some meat, please.
    ChÞ cÇn thÞt g× ¹?
    What meat do you want?
K   T«i muèn mua mét Ýt thÞt bß vµ thÞt lîn (thÞt heo).
     I want some beef and pork.
I   ChÞ mua mÊy c©n ¹?
    How many kilos do you want?
K   Xin cho t«i mét c©n thÞt lîn vµ nöa c©n thÞt bß.
     One kilo of pork and half a kilo of beef.
I   V©ng. ChØ thÕ th«i ¹?
    Yes. Is that all?
K   V©ng. ThÕ th«i.
      Yes. That 's all.
      Gi¸ bao nhiªu ¹?
     How much is it?
I   Bèn l¨m ngµn ®ång.
    45,000 dong.

*
*   *

L   ChÞ cã thÞt dª kh«ng?
    Do you have goat meat?
M   Cã. Nh­ng chØ cßn mét c©n th«i.
     Yes. But we have only one kilo left.
L   Kh«ng sao. T«i lÊy c¶.
     It doesn't matter. I'll take it all.
M   ChÞ cÇn g× n÷a kh«ng ¹?
      What else do you want?
L   ChÞ cã thÞt gµ non kh«ng?
     Do you have young chickens?
M   Cã ¹.
       Yes, we have.
L   Cho t«i mét con.
      Give me one, please.

4. ë hµng rau qu¶ (At the green stall)

N   ChÞ muèn mua rau g× ¹?
     What vegetables do you want?
O   Cho t«i t«i hai mí rau muèng.
     Two bundles of spinach (water convovulus), please.
N   Cã b¾p c¶i rÊt t­¬i. ChÞ cã mua kh«ng?

II. Ng÷ ph¸p (Grammar)

1. Telling the prices (C¸ch nãi gi¸)

QuyÓn s¸ch nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu?
How much is this book?
Con gµ nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu?
How much is this chicken?
C¸i quÇn bß nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu?
How much are these jeans?

Bao nhiªu tiÒn mét c©n thÞt lîn (thÞt heo)?
How much is one kilo of pork?
Bao nhiªu tiÒn mét n¶i chuèi?
How much is a hand of bananas?
Nã gi¸ hai m­¬i ngh×n ®ång.
It costs 20,000 dongs.
Gi¸ cña nã lµ m­êi ngh×n.
Its price is 10,000 dongs.

2. "tù" (oneself) - an adverb going before a verb to express that the action is performed by the subject without the help of other people ("tù" - phã tõ, ®i tr­íc ®éng tõ ®Ó biÓu thÞ r»ng hµnh ®éng ®­îc thùc hiÖn bëi chÝnh chñ thÓ, kh«ng cã sù gióp ®ì cña ng­êi kh¸c).

T«i cã thÓ tù t×m ®­îc.
I can find it myself.
Chóng t«i sÏ tù ®Õn ®ã.
We will go there ourselves.
Anh cã thÓ tù häc tiÕng ViÖt.
You can study Vietnamese yourself.

Note (Chó ý): Sometimes "tù" may combine with "lÊy"
(§«i khi "tù" cã thÓ kÕt hîp víi "lÊy").

ChÞ ph¶i tù lµm lÊy bµi tËp nµy.
You must do this exercise yourself.

3. The words "xong", "råi" (finished, already)

a) The word "xong" is placed after verbs or at the end of a sentence to indicate the completion of the action (Tõ "xong" ®Æt sau ®éng tõ hoÆc ë cuèi c©u ®Ó biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa hoµn thµnh cña hµnh ®éng).

T«i ®· lµm xong tÊt c¶ c¸c bµi tËp.
I have done all my exercises.
Chóng t«i sÏ ®Õn ®ã sau khi ¨n c¬m tr­a xong.
We'll go there after having finished lunch.

b) "xong" can be combined with "råi" into "xong råi" or "xong... råi" to emphasise the completion of the action ("xong" cã thÓ kÕt hîp víi "råi" thµnh "xong råi" hoÆc "xong... råi" ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh vµo sù hoµn thµnh cña hµnh ®éng).

T«i ®äc xong quyÓn s¸ch nµy råi.
I have finished reading this book.
T«i ®äc xong råi.
I have finished reading it.

c) Questions (C©u hái)

   You can use "xong.. ch­a?" or "xong ch­a?" to ask whether an action has been completed or not (B¹n cã thÓ dïng "xong... ch­a?" hoÆc "xong ch­a?" ®Ó hái xem hµnh ®éng ®· hoµn thµnh hay ch­a).

Anh ®äc xong quyÓn s¸ch nµy ch­a?
Have you finished reading this book yet?
CËu lµm bµi tËp xong ch­a?
Have you finished your exercises yet?

You can use "ch­a xong" (haven't yet finished, not yet) to express the incompletion of the action (B¹n cã thÓ dïng "ch­a xong" ®Ó biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa ch­a hoµn thµnh cña hµnh ®éng).

T«i ®äc ch­a xong quyÓn s¸ch nµy.
T«i ch­a ®äc xong quyÓn s¸ch nµy.
T«i ®äc quyÓn s¸ch nµy ch­a xong.
I haven't finished reading this book yet.

T«i ch­a lµm xong bµi tËp.
T«i lµm ch­a xong bµi tËp.
T«i lµm bµi tËp ch­a xong.
I haven't finished my exercises yet.

4. "chø" - A particle used in question tags to express the speakers' wish to have the listeners' approvals ("chø?" - TiÓu tõ ®­îc dïng ë cuèi c©u hái ®Ó biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa ng­êi nãi muèn ng­êi nghe ®ång t×nh víi m×nh).

ChÞ sÏ ë l¹i ®©y víi t«i chø?
You'll stay here with me, won't you?
Anh vÉn kháe chø?
You are well, aren't you?
Anh ®i xem phim víi em chø?
Go to the cinema with me, won't you?

5. Sentences with predicates indicating the length, height, weight, area (Nh÷ng c©u cã vÞ ng÷ chØ ®é dµi, ®é cao, träng l­îng, diÖn tÝch)

Model of these sentences is:

(M« h×nh c¸c c©u nµy lµ)

Subject + Adjective + Number + Words to express the length etc. (Chñ ng÷ + TÝnh tõ + Sè + Tõ chØ ®é dµi,...). VÝ dô:

Nhµ t«i cao 3 mÐt.
My house is 3 metres high.
Phè nµy dµi 2 ki-l«-mÐt (km).
This street is 2 kilometres long.
Phßng t«i réng 60 mÐt vu«ng.
My room is 60 square metres wide.
Con trai t«i nÆng 70 c©n.
My son weighs 70 kilos.

Questions (C©u hái): Adjective + bao nhiªu?

Nã dµi bao nhiªu?
How long is it?
Nhµ anh réng bao nhiªu?
How wide is your house?
Anh cao bao nhiªu?
How tall are you?

III. Thùc hµnh (practice)

1. Xin cho t«i xem mét chiÕc ¸o.
    Please show me a shirt.

* Replace "mét chiÕc ¸o" by the following (Thay "mét chiÕc ¸o" b»ng nh÷ng tõ sau)

* Use the following to ask (Dïng nh÷ng côm tõ sau ®Ó hái)

* Replace "chiÕc ti-vi" by the following words
  (Thay "chiÕc ti-vi b»ng nh÷ng tõ sau)

4. Complete the following conversations
(Hoµn thµnh c¸c ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

A   ¤ng.......................................................?

B  Xin cho t«i.............................................?

A  Cã nhiÒu mÇu l¾m «ng ¹.

¤ng cÇn......................................................?

B  Cho t«i chiÕc mÇu xanh.

A.................................................................

B   C« cho t«i cì nhá.

A   §©y ¹.

B    Phßng....................................................?

A   ë gãc kia ¹.

*
*      *

A   Cã võa...................................................?

B   Cì nµy...................................................

C« cho t«i cì to h¬n.

A   §©y ¹.

B..................................................................

A Bèn m­¬i ngh×n.

B   TiÒn.........................................................

A C¶m ¬n «ng.

5. Answer the questions according to model below
(Tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái theo mÉu sau)

Anh ®· lµm xong bµi tËp ch­a?

Have you finished your exercises?

Råi. T«i lµm xong råi.

Yes. I have.

Ch­a. T«i lµm ch­a xong.

Ch­a. T«i  ch­a lµm xong.

No. I haven't.

Anh ®äc xong bµi b¸o nµy ch­a?

Have you tinished reading this article?

ChÞ viÕt xong luËn v¨n ch­a?

Have you completed your thesis?

Em häc xong bµi 15 ch­a?

Have you finished lesson 15?

IV. §äc hiÓu (reading comprehension)

Mét vµi chî ®Æc biÖt ë NhËt B¶n
Some special markets in Japan

1. Chî cho c¶ gia ®×nh

   Chî Maji vµ chî Yoyogi häp vµo ngµy chñ nhËt ®Çu tiªn cña mçi th¸ng. Tªn chî còng lµ tªn hai s©n vËn ®éng ë Tokyo v× chî häp ngay trong s©n nµy.

   Cã thÓ nãi ®©y lµ ngµy héi th¸ng cña c¸c gia ®×nh vÒ sinh ho¹t chî bóa. Ngay tõ s¸ng sím, c¸c xe «-t« chë c¶ gia ®×nh cïng víi hµng hãa (phÇn lín lµ ®å cò) ®Õn chî. Mçi gia ®×nh bµy hµng hãa trªn mét kho¶ng ®Êt vµi chôc mÐt vu«ng. Mçi ng­êi trong nhµ bµy hµng hãa ë mét chç riªng trªn c¸c tê b¸o hoÆc tÊm b×a cøng.

   Chî häp c¶ ngµy. Ngoµi viÖc mua b¸n, c¸c gia ®×nh cßn c¾m tr¹i. Ngay t¹i ®©y, nh÷ng b÷a c¬m chung cho c¶ nhµ ®­îc tæ chøc. Ng­êi ta cßn nh¶y móa, h¸t ca theo c¸c ®iÖu nh¹c cæ truyÒn.

2. Chî gi¶i trÝ cña ng­êi giµ

   §ã lµ chî Nakano ë trung t©m thñ ®« Tokyo. Chî chuyªn mua b¸n ®å tiªu dïng, c¶ ®å cò lÉn ®å míi. Nh÷ng ng­êi b¸n hµng ë ®©y chñ yÕu lµ nh÷ng «ng bµ ®· nghØ h­u hoÆc ®éc th©n. Trªn tay hä cã thÓ lµ mét chiÕc ®ång hå, mét bµn lµ, mét m¸y ¶nh hoÆc mét bé quÇn ¸o...

   Chî häp vµo thø b¶y hµng tuÇn. C¸c cô ®i chî chñ yÕu ®Ó gi¶i trÝ. Hµng mang ®i b¸n cã thÓ lµ cña b¶n th©n c¸c cô, cã thÓ lµ cña con ch¸u hoÆc cña hµng xãm göi. Chî thùc sù nh­ mét c©u l¹c bé, kh«ng khÝ hÕt søc th©n mËt, cë më. Chî nµy cßn lµ n¬i gióp c¸c cô t×m gÆp l¹i b¹n bÌ cò.

3. Chî trong bÖnh viÖn

   Mçi bÖnh viÖn ë NhËt B¶n ®Òu cã mét chî ®Æc biÖt: Chî hoa. ë ®©y, c¶nh mua b¸n rÊt tÊp nËp. Th©n nh©n ®Õn th¨m bÖnh nh©n kh«ng mang theo ®å ¨n, thøc uèng hay hoa qu¶ nh­ ë ViÖt Nam. Hä ®Òu mua hoa ®Ó tÆng bÖnh nh©n. Gi¸ hoa ë ®©y rÊt cao. Cã nh÷ng giß hoa gi¸ tíi 200 ®«-la Mü.

(Theo b¸o Th­¬ng M¹i)

Some Special Markets in Japan

1. A market for the whole family

Maji and Yoyogi markets open on the first Sunday of every month. The names of the two markets are also the names of two stadiums in Tokyo because the markets are located right inside the stadiums.

It can be said that this is a monthly family festival of shopping. From dawn, cars carry whole families, together with goods (mainly second-hand) to the market. Every family puts their goods in an area around several square metres. Each member of the family displays their goods in their own place on newspapers or cardboard.

The market operates all day. Apart from selling and buying goods, the families also have their own camps. Family meals are arranged right here. In addition, people also dance and sing to traditional melodies.

2. A recreational market for the elderly

It is the Makano market in the centre of Tokyo. This market specialises in the selling and buying of consumer goods, both new and old. The salespeople here are mainly retired or single elderly people. They hold maybe a watch, an iron, a camera or a suit in their hands.

This market meets every Saturday. Elderly people go here mainly for recreational needs. The goods sold here may be their goods or those of their children, grandchildren or neighbours.. This market is like a club with a very warm and open atmosphere. This market is also a place to help them find their own friends.

3. A market in the hospital

Every hospital in Japan has a very special market: a flower market. Here the buying and selling of products is always brisk. Friends and relatives, when visiting patients, do not bring along food or fruit as in Vietnam. They all buy flowers as their gifts. The prices for flowers here are very high, sometimes up to US $200 for a flower basket.

V. Bµi tËp (exercises)

a) Find the incorrect sentences and correct them
(T×m vµ ch÷a c©u sai)

1. Nhµ t«i 40 mÐt vu«ng réng.

2. Chóng t«i sÏ ®i vÞnh H¹ Long tù.

3. T«i ch­a xong lµm bµi tËp sè 4.

4. Bao nhiªu tiÒn vÞt mét con?

5. T«i ®äc xong råi quyÓn s¸ch nµy.

6. ChÞ ®äc xong tê b¸o nµy råi chø?

7. MÊy mÐt cao nhµ anh?

8. Ai xong råi lµm bµi tËp nµy?

9. C¸i quÇn bß nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu h¶ chÞ?

10. T«i muèn mua giµy mét ®«i.

b) Translate the following sentences into English
(DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng Anh)

1. ChÞ cÇn cì nµo ¹?

2. Anh thÝch mÇu g×?

3. Bao nhiÒu tiÒn mét c©n thÞt bß?

4. Qu¶ ®u ®ñ nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu?

5. ChÞ Êy lµm xong bµi tËp ch­a?

6. C¸i bµn nµy dµi 2 mÐt.

7. Chóng t«i sÏ tù gi¶i quyÕt lÊy vÊn ®Ò nµy.

8. Anh ¨n c¬m ch­a?

9. Em ®ång ý víi anh chø?

10. Nã nÆng 50 c©n.

c) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
(DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

1. I want size number four.

2. I prefer black to red.

3. Vietnam's coastline is 3,260 kilometres long.

4. This radio costs $200.

5. I translated this lesson myself.

6. Has she finished reading this article?

7. I haven't had lunch yet.

8. How much is this bunch of flowers?

9. Please show me that lamp!

10. Can I try it on?

VI. Gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (Key to the exercises)

a)

1. Nhµ t«i réng 40 mÐt vu«ng.

2. Chóng t«i sÏ tù ®i vÞnh H¹ Long.

3. T«i ch­a lµm xong bµi tËp sè 4./

T«i lµm ch­a xong bµi tËp sè 4.

4. Bao nhiÒu tiÒn mét con vÞt?

5. T«i ®äc xong quyÓn s¸ch nµy råi./

T«i ®äc quyÓn s¸ch nµy xong råi.

6. Correct

7. Nhµ anh cao mÊy mÐt?

8. Ai lµm bµi tËp nµy xong råi?

9. Correct

10. T«i muèn mua mét ®«i giµy.

b)

1. What size do you want?

2. What colour do you like?

3. How much is one kilo of beef?

4. How much does this papaya cost?

5. Has she finished her exercises yet?

6. This table is 2 metres long.

7. We will solve this problem ourselves.

8. Have you eaten yet?

9. You agree whith me, don't you?

10. He weighs 50 kilos.

c)

1. T«i cÇn cì sè 4.

2. T«i thÝch mÇu ®en h¬n mÇu ®á.

3. Bê biÓn ViÖt Nam dµi 3.260 km.

4. C¸i ®µi nµy gi¸ 200 ®«-la Mü.

5. T«i tù dÞch bµi nµy.

6. ChÞ Êy ®äc xong bµi b¸o nµy ch­a?

7. T«i ch­a ¨n tr­a.

8. Bao nhiªu tiÒn bã hao nµy?/

Bã hoa nµy gi¸ bao nhiªu?

9. Xin cho t«i xem c¸i ®Ìn kia!

10. T«i cã thÓ thö ®­îc kh«ng ¹?