Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. Héi tho¹i (conversations)

1. T×m bèt ®iÖn tho¹i quèc tÕ
    (Looking for IDD telephone box)

A   Hµ ¬i! CËu ®i ®©u ®Êy?
      Ha! Where are you going?
B   Tí ®Õn b­u ®iÖn trung ­¬ng.
      I am going to the Central Postoffice
A   §Ó lµm g×?
     What for?
B   Tí muèn gäi ®iÖn cho anh tí.
      I want to phone my elder brother.
A   å, sao cËu kh«ng gäi ë bèt ®iÖn tho¹i c«ng céng?
     Oh, why don't you phone at the public telephone box?
A   Anh tí ®ang sèng ë n­íc ngoµi.
     My elder brother lives abroad.
     Kh«ng thÓ gäi cho anh Êy ë bèt ®iÖn tho¹i c«ng céng.
     I cannot phone him at the public telephone box.
A   §­îc chø. Nh­ng cËu ph¶i ®i t×m bèt ®iÖn tho¹i tù ®éng quèc tÕ.
      You can. But you have to look for an IDD telephone box.
B   ThËt thÕ µ?
      Really?
A   õ. Tr­íc khi ®Õn ®©y tí còng võa míi gäi ®iÖn cho chÞ tí ë Osaka.
      Yes. Before coming here, I have just phoned my elder sister in Osaka.
B   Bèt ®iÖn tho¹i tù ®éng quèc tÕ ë ®©u?
     Where is an IDD telephone box?
A   Ngay ë ®Çu phè Lý Th­êng KiÖt.
      Right at the end of Ly Thuong Kiet street.
B   C¶m ¬n cËu. Chµo cËu nhÐ.
      Thank you. Good-bye.
A   HÑn gÆp l¹i.
      See you again.

2. Gäi ®iÖn tho¹i ®i Hawaii (Telephoning to Hawaii)

C   Bµ cÇn g× ¹?
      Can I help you?
D   T«i muèn gäi ®iÖn tho¹i quèc tÕ.
     I 'd like to make an international phone-call.
C   §i ®©u, th­a bµ?
     Where to, madam?
D   §i Hawaii 808-956-2699.
     To Hawaii 808-956-2699.
C   Trong bao l©u ¹?
      For how long, madam?
D   Kho¶ng m­êi l¨m phót.
      About 15 minutes.
C   §­îc råi. Mêi bµ nãi.
     You are through. Speak, please.

3. ¤ng nhÇm sè (You have the wrong number)

E   Al«!
      Hello!
F   Al«!
     Hello!
E   Hßa Hîp ph¶i kh«ng?
     Is Hoa Hop there?
F   ¤ng nhÇm sè.
     You have the wrong number.
     §©y lµ 8255567.
     This is 8255567.
E   å, t«i xin lçi.
     Oh, I am sorry
      Chµo chÞ!
      Good-bye!
F   Chµo «ng!
     Good-bye, sir!

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G   Al«! §Êy lµ nhµ H¶i §¨ng ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
     Hello! Is that Hai Dang's residence, please?
H   Xin lçi. §©y lµ nhµ §øc D©n.
     Sorry. This is Duc Dan's residence.
G   å. Xin lçi ®· lµm phiÒn «ng.
      Oh. I am very sorry to disturb you.
      T«i bÞ nhÇm sè.
     I got the wrong number.
H   Kh«ng sao ¹.
     That's all right.

4. M¸y lÎ 356 ®ang bËn (The extension 356 is engaged)

I     Al«! ChÞ trùc m¸y ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
      Hello! Operator?
K   V©ng. T«i ®ang nãi ®©y.
     Yes. Speaking.
I     Xin chÞ cho m¸y lÎ 356 ®­îc kh«ng ¹?
     Could you connect to the extension 356?
K   Xin lçi. M¸y lÎ 356 ®ang bËn.
     Sorry. The extension 356 is engaged.
    L¸t n÷a «ng gäi l¹i ®­îc kh«ng ¹?
    Could you phone again later?
I    V©ng. Kho¶ng 5 phót n÷a t«i sÏ gäi l¹i.
     Yes. I'll phone again in about 5 minutes.
     C¶m ¬n chÞ.
     Thank you.
K   Chµo «ng.
      Good-bye.

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L   Al«! Bé Gi¸o dôc ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
     Hello! Is that Ministry of Education?
M   V©ng. Bµ cÇn g× ¹?
      Yes. Can I help you?
L   Xin chÞ cho t«i nãi chuyÖn víi Vô Quan hÖ quèc tÕ.
      T«i kh«ng nhí sè m¸y lÎ.
      Could I speak to the Department of Foreign Relations.
      I don't remember the extension number.
M   V©ng.
      Yes.
      §­îc råi. Mêi bµ nãi.
      You are through. Speak, please.

5. Xin gi÷ m¸y (Hold on please)

N   Al«! 8268959 ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
     Hello! Is it 8268959?
O   V©ng, ®óng. Ai nãi ®Êy ¹?
      Yes, that's right. Who is calling?
N   Quèc ViÖt nãi ®©y.
      Quoc Viet, speaking.
      Xin cho t«i nãi chuyÖn víi «ng ViÖt Anh ¹.
      May I speak to Mr. Viet Anh?
O   Xin «ng gi÷ m¸y mét chót ¹.
      Would you  hold on a moment, please?
N   V©ng. C¶m ¬n.
      Sure, thank you.

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ii. ng÷ ph¸p (grammar)

1. Way of reading numbers (C¸ch ®äc sè)

a) Way of reading telephone numbers
   (C¸ch ®äc sè ®iÖn tho¹i)

b) Way of reading frations
   (C¸ch ®äc ph©n sè)

Cardinal number + "phÇn" + Cardinal number

c) Way of reading decimal numbers
   (C¸ch ®äc sè thËp ph©n)

Cardinal number + "ph¶y" + Cardinal number

b) Way of reading number with %
   (C¸ch ®äc sè phÇn tr¨m)

Cardinal number + phÇn tr¨m

2. The word "l¹i" means "again"
   (Tõ "l¹i" cã nghÜa lµ "again")

a) "l¹i" goes right before a verb to indicate repetition of the action. ("L¹i" ®i ngay tr­íc ®éng tõ ®Ó biÓu thÞ sù lÆp l¹i cña hµnh ®éng).

Ngµy mai t«i l¹i ®Õn ®©y.
I'll come here again tomorrow.
Nã l¹i gäi ®iÖn ®i Mü.
He phones to America again.

b) When "l¹i" goes after a verb, both the action and the object are repeated (Khi "l¹i" ®i sau ®éng tõ, c¶ hµnh ®éng lÉn ®èi t­îng ®Òu ®­îc lÆp l¹i).

HÑn gÆp l¹i «ng.
See you again.
T«i sÏ ®äc l¹i bµi b¸o nµy.
I'll read this article again.

c) You can pleace "l¹i" both before and after a verb to stress repetition meaning (B¹n cã thÓ ®Æt "l¹i" vµo c¶ tr­íc lÉn sau ®éng tõ ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh vµo ý nghÜa lÆp l¹i).

T«i l¹i ®äc l¹i quyÓn s¸ch nµy.
I read again and again this book.
ChÞ Êy l¹i h¸t l¹i bµi h¸t "Quª h­¬ng".
She sings again and again the song "Native Country".

3. The words "tr­íc", "tr­íc khi" (before) have the same meaning in English but in Vietnamese their usage is different (C¸c tõ "tr­íc", "tr­íc khi" ®Òu cã nghÜa lµ "before" trong tiÕng Anh nh­ng trong tiÕng ViÖt, c¸ch dïng cña chóng cã kh¸c nhau).

a) The word "tr­íc" goes before a noun or a number.
   (Tõ "tr­íc" ®i tr­íc danh tõ hoÆc sè tõ). VÝ dô:

T«i sÏ gäi ®iÖn cho anh tr­íc 5 giê chiÒu.
I'll phone you before 5 p.m.
T«i sÏ trë l¹i ®©y tr­íc th¸ng b¶y.
I'll come back here before July.

Don't say (Kh«ng nãi):

T«i sÏ gäi ®iÖn cho anh tr­íc khi 5 giê chiÒu.(-)
T«i sÏ trë l¹i ®©y tr­íc khi th¸ng b¶y.(-)

b) The word "tr­íc khi" goes before a verb or a clause.
   (Tõ "tr­íc khi" ®i tr­íc mét ®éng tõ hoÆc mét mÖnh ®Ò).

T«i ph¶i lµm xong viÖc tr­íc khi vÒ nhµ.
I must finish my work before I go home.
Tr­íc khi t«i ®i n­íc ngoµi, vî t«i rÊt buån.
Before I went abroad, my wife was very sad.

Cannot say (Kh«ng thÓ nãi):

T«i ph¶i lµm xong viÖc tr­íc vÒ nhµ.(-)
Tr­íc t«i ®i n­íc ngoµi, vî t«i rÊt buån.(-)

4. The words "sau", "sau khi" (after) have the same meaning in English but in Vietnamese their usage is different (C¸c tõ "sau", "sau khi" ®Òu cã nghÜa lµ "after" trong tiÕng Anh nh­ng trong tiÕng ViÖt c¸ch dïng cña chóng cã kh¸c nhau).

a) The word "sau" goes before a noun or a number.
   (Tõ "sau" ®i tr­íc danh tõ hoÆc sè tõ)

ChÞ cã thÓ gäi l¹i sau 10 giê ®­îc kh«ng ¹?
Can you call again after 10 o'clock?
Mïa hÌ ®Õn liÒn sau mïa xu©n.
Summer comes after Spring.

b) The word "sau khi" goes before a verb or a clause.
   (Tõ "sau khi" ®i tr­íc mét ®éng tõ hoÆc mét mÖnh ®Ò)

Sau khi gäi ®iÖn cho chÞ, t«i sÏ ®i §µ N½ng.
After telephoning you, I'll go to Danang.
Sau khi t«i nhËn ®­îc tin, chÞ Êy ®Õn ngay.
She came immediately after I had received the information.

Cannot say (Kh«ng thÓ nãi):

   Sau gäi ®iÖn cho chÞ, t«i sÏ ®i §µ N½ng. (--)
   Sau t«i nhËn ®­îc tin, chÞ Êy ®Õn ngay.  (--)

5. "tõ...... ®Õn" means "from..... to". It is used to indicate distance between two places or period of time ("tõ..... ®Õn" ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ kho¶ng c¸ch gi÷a hai ®Þa ®iÓm hoÆc kho¶ng c¸ch vÒ thêi gian).

H«m nay t«i ph¶i ®i bé tõ nhµ ®Õn tr­êng.
Today I must go on foot from my house to my university.
Tõ Hµ Néi ®Õn H¶i Phßng, t«i ®i «-t« mÊt 2 tiÕng.
It took me two hours by car from Hanoi to Hai phong.
Chóng ta sÏ häc tiÕng ViÖt tõ 8 giê ®Õn 11 giê.
We 'll learn Vietnamese from 8 to 11 o'clock.
T«i sÏ ë Tokyo tõ th¸ng giªng ®Õn th¸ng m­êi mét.
I 'll stay in Tokyo from January to November.

III. thùc hµnh (practice)

1. How do you say? (B¹n nãi thÕ nµo?)

   a) You want to make an international phone-call, how do you ask the post-staff? (B¹n muèn gäi ®iÖn tho¹i quèc tÕ, b¹n hái nh©n viªn b­u ®iÖn thÕ nµo?)
   b) You want to telephone to the extension 365, how do you speak to the operator? (B¹n muèn gäi ®iÖn ®Õn m¸y lÎ 365, b¹n nãi víi ng­êi trùc m¸y thÕ nµo?)
   c) You want to speak to Mr. Mai Ngoc Hai, how do you speak to the operator? (B¹n muèn nãi chuyÖn víi «ng Mai Ngäc H¶i, b¹n nãi víi ng­êi trùc m¸y thÕ nµo?)
   d) You want to know where the IDD telephone box is, how do you ask your friend? (B¹n muèn biÕt bèt ®iÖn tho¹i tù ®éng quèc tÕ ë ®©u, b¹n hái thÕ nµo?)
   e) You want to know Mrs. Do Hong Xoan 's telephone number, how do you ask operator? (B¹n muèn biÕt sè ®iÖn tho¹i cña bµ §ç Hång Xoan, b¹n hái ng­êi trùc m¸y thÕ nµo?)
   g) You want to know telephone number of the National Administration of Tourism, you dial number 116 or 108 to ask, how do you say? (B¹n muèn biÕt sè ®iÖn tho¹i cña Tæng côc Du lÞch, b¹n quay sè 116 hoÆc 108 ®Ó hái, b¹n nãi thÕ nµo?)

2. Complete the following conversations
    (Hoµn thµnh c¸c ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

A   Al«! Bé ................................................
B   V©ng. ¤ng ..........................................?
A   Xin cho t«i ...........................................
B   Xin .......................................................
     T«i ®i t×m ..............................................

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C   Al«! 8252246 ........................................?
D   V©ng. Ai ...............................................?
C   T«i lµ.......................................................
      Xin chÞ cho t«i .......................................
D   Xin lçi, m¸y lÎ 261 ................................
     N¨m phót n÷a .......................................?
C   V©ng. C¶m ¬n chÞ.

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E   Al«! 8261153 ......................................?
F   ¤ng .......................................................
     §©y lµ ....................................................
E   ...............................................................
F   Kh«ng sao ¹.

3. Complete the following sentences
    (Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau)

a) T«i sÏ gäi l¹i .......................................................................................
b) HÑn gÆp ...............................................................................................
c) ChÞ Êy l¹i gäi ®iÖn ...............................................................................
d) §õng vÒ nhµ sau ...................................................................................
e) T«i sÏ gäi ®iÖn cho chÞ sau khi .............................................................
f) H·y gäi ®iÖn cho t«i tr­íc khi .............................................................
g) T«i ph¶i gÆp «ng Êy tr­íc ....................................................................
h) Ngµy mai chÞ cã thÓ gäi ®iÖn cho t«i trong kho¶ng tõ .........................
i) Anh ph¶i lµm l¹i ...................................................................................
k) Xin cho t«i ...........................................................................................

iv. ®äc hiÓu (reading comprehension)

M¹ng l­íi ®iÖn tho¹i ë ViÖt Nam
The telephone network in Vietnam

   Tr­íc ®©y, rÊt Ýt gia ®×nh cã ®iÖn tho¹i. §iÖn tho¹i chñ yÕu ®­îc dïng trong c¸c c¬ quan nhµ n­íc. ThËm chÝ ngay ë c¶ c¸c khoa cña c¸c tr­êng ®¹i häc, c¸c cöa hµng, cöa hiÖu,... còng kh«ng cã ®iÖn tho¹i. Lóc ®ã, ®iÖn tho¹i ®­îc coi nh­ mét thø hµng ®Æc biÖt vµ "cao cÊp".

   Tõ khi ChÝnh phñ ViÖt Nam thùc hiÖn chÝnh s¸ch ®æi míi vµ më cöa, nhu cÇu th«ng tin liªn l¹c quèc gia vµ quèc tÕ thùc sù trë nªn cÇn thiÕt vµ cÊp b¸ch. §iÖn tho¹i trë thµnh mét nhu cÇu tèi cÇn thiÕt cho c¸c ho¹t ®éng x· héi, ®Æc biÖt lµ c¸c ho¹t ®éng kinh tÕ, th­¬ng m¹i, hîp t¸c, ®Çu t­,... Ngµy nay, ë c¸c thµnh phè lín   nh­ thñ ®« Hµ Néi vµ thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh, hÇu hÕt c¸c gia ®×nh ®Òu cã ®iÖn tho¹i. §iÖn tho¹i, thËm chÝ, cßn vÒ ®Õn tËn c¸c b¶n, x· xa x«i.

   Tr­íc n¨m 1993, Hµ Néi ch­a cã c¸c bèt ®iÖn tho¹i c«ng céng trªn ®­êng phè. Muèn gäi ®iÖn tho¹i, kh¸ch hµng ph¶i vµo tËn c¸c tr¹m b­u ®iÖn thµnh phè. Ngµy nay, víi chiÕc "c¸c" (card) trong tay, b¹n cã thÓ nãi chuyÖn víi ng­êi th©n ë bÊt cø n¬i nµo trªn tr¸i ®Êt. C¸c bèt ®iÖn tho¹i c«ng céng, kÓ c¶ bèt ®iÖn tho¹i tù ®éng quèc tÕ, ®­îc x©y dùng ë rÊt nhiÒu n¬i t¹i c¸c thµnh phè lín.

   Nh÷ng n¨m tr­íc ®©y, ®iÖn tho¹i chØ ®­îc ®Æt cè ®Þnh ë trong nhµ. B©y giê ®iÖn tho¹i cã thÓ "®i theo" b¹n trªn ®­êng. §ã lµ ®iÖn tho¹i cÇm tay. Ph­¬ng tiÖn th«ng tin míi nµy còng ®· b¾t ®Çu chiÕm lÜnh thÞ tr­êng ë Hµ Néi vµ thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh bëi tÝnh chÊt tiÖn lîi vµ rÊt hiÖn ®¹i cña nã.

Reading Comprehension

The Telephone Network in Vietnam

Before very few families had a telephone in their own home. Telephones were mainly used in state-owned enterprises and offices. Even university faculties, restaurants and stores still did not have any access to telephones. Then telephones were considered to be a special and luxurious means of communication.

But even since the Vietnamese government carried out its "open-door" policy, the need for domestic and international communications had truly become an urgent and essential requirement. Telephones became an indispensable toll for social activities, especially economic, trade, corporation and investment activities. These days in big cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, almost every household has telephone access in the home. Telephones are now even present in remote communes ad precincts.

Before 1993, Hanoi did not have any public telephone booths. In order to make a phone call, customers had to go to the city’s post office centres. Now, with a phonecard on hand, you can talk to friends and relatives in any part of the world. Public telephone booths are growing in numbers in big cities.

Not too long ago, telephones could only be put in a fixed place inside a building or house. Nowadays, telephones can travel with you on the street – the mobile phone. This new communication tool has steadily taken up a market portion in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City because of its convenience and modern nature.

Tõ ng÷          Vocabulary

V. bµi tËp (exercises)

   a) Fill in the blanks with one suitable word given in the brackets (§iÒn vµo chç trèng víi mét tõ thÝch hîp cho ë trong ngoÆc)

   1. T«i sÏ gäi ®iÖn cho «ng Êy............ 5 giê chiÒu. (tr­íc khi, tr­íc)
   2. §õng gäi ®iÖn cho t«i................. 11 giê tr­a. (sau khi, sau)
   3. T«i muèn gÆp anh.................... ngµy thø hai. (tr­íc, tr­íc khi)
   4. .................... ®Õn Tokyo, t«i sÏ gäi ®iÖn cho chÞ. (tr­íc, tr­íc khi)
   5. ..................... th¸ng ba, chóng t«i sÏ ®i HuÕ. (sau khi, sau)
   6. ..................... anh vÒ, chÞ Êy ®· khãc rÊt l©u. (sau, sau khi)
   7. ChÞ Êy ®· gäi ®iÖn cho t«i.................... anh ®Õn ®©y. (tr­íc, tr­íc khi)
   8. ..................... gÆp chÞ, anh Êy rÊt vui. (sau, sau khi).

   b) Translate the following sentences into English
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng Anh)

   1. Xin gi÷ m¸y ¹.
   2. Xin cho t«i nãi chuyÖn víi «ng Mai Ngäc S¬n.
   3. T«i bÞ nhÇm sè.
   4. Sè ®iÖn tho¹i cña «ng ¹?
   5. L¸t n÷a t«i sÏ gäi l¹i.
   6. Xin quay sè 8268959.
   7. H»ng ngµy t«i lµm viÖc tõ 8 giê s¸ng ®Õn 4 r­ìi chiÒu.
   8. Anh ph¶i lµm l¹i bµi tËp nµy.
   9. Ai ®ang nãi ®Êy ¹?
   10. M¸y lÎ 3061 ®ang bËn.

   c) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

   1. My telephone number is 7575675.
   2. Could you phone again in 5 minutes?
   3. I'll go there before 7 p.m.
   4. Before coming here, you phone me.
   5. I'll meet him after Monday.
   6. Do you have hand-phone?
   7. Would you like to make an international phone-call?
   8. Where is IDD telephone box?
   9. Don't phone me after 11 p.m.
   10. Speaking.

vi. Gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

   a)

   b)

   1. Hold on, please.
   2. May I speak to Mr. Mai Ngoc Son?/
       I'd like to speak to Mr. Mai Ngoc Son.
   3. I got the wrong number.
   4. Your telephone number, please?
   5. I'll phone again later.
   6. Please dial number 8268959.
   7. Everyday I work from 8 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.
   8. You have to do this exercise again.
   9. Who is speaking, please?
   10. The extension 3061 is engaged.

   c)

   1. Sè ®iÖn tho¹i cña t«i lµ 7575675.
   2. N¨m phót n÷a «ng (bµ,...) gäi l¹i ®­îc kh«ng ¹?
   3. T«i sÏ ®i ®Õn ®ã tr­íc 7 giê tèi.
   4. Tr­íc khi ®Õn ®©y, anh gäi ®iÖn cho t«i.
   5. T«i sÏ gÆp anh Êy («ng Êy) sau thø hai.
   6. Anh (chÞ,...) cã ®iÖn tho¹i cÇm tay kh«ng?
   7. ¤ng (bµ,...) muèn gäi ®iÖn tho¹i quèc tÕ ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
   8. Bèt ®iÖn tho¹i tù ®éng quèc tÕ ë ®©u ¹?
   9. §õng gäi ®iÖn cho t«i sau 11 giê ®ªm.
   10. T«i ®ang nãi ®©y.