Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. Héi tho¹i (Conversations)

1. B­u ®iÖn gÇn nhÊt ë ®©u?
(Where is the nearest Post Office?)

2. Göi th­ (Sending a letter)

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3. Göi ®iÖn tÝn (Sending a telegram)

II. Ng÷ ph¸p (Grammar)

1. "Tuy.......... nh­ng....", "MÆc dï............. nh­ng ........."  mean "Althrough...", "Though....". When writing you can replace the word "nh­ng" with a comma (Khi viÕt, b¹n cã thÓ thay tõ "nh­ng" b»ng dÊu ph¶y).

Tuy ®· muén nh­ng chóng t«i vÉn quyÕt ®Þnh ®i.
Though it was late, we decided to go.
MÆc dï c« Êy cã chång råi nh­ng t«i vÉn yªu c« Êy.
Although she is married, I still love her.
Tuy Hµ Néi kh«ng lín l¾m nh­ng Hµ Néi rÊt ®Ñp.
Though Hanoi is not very big, it is very nice.
MÆc dï trêi m­a to, t«i vÉn ph¶i ®i häc.
Though it is raining heavily, I must go to school.

Note (Chó ý): You can say (B¹n cã thÓ nãi):

Hµ Néi rÊt ®Ñp tuy Hµ Néi kh«ng lín l¾m.
Hanoi is very nice though it is not very big.
T«i vÉn yªu c« Êy mÆc dï c« Êy cã chång råi.
I still love her although she is married.

2. The word "khi" means "when".

Khi hoµn thµnh, ®­êng s¾t míi sÏ ch¹y dµi 150 dÆm.
When completed, the new railway will run for 150 miles.
Khi cßn nhá, t«i rÊt ch¨m.
When I was a child, I was very hard-working.
Khi anh ®i b­u ®iÖn, xin göi hé t«i bøc th­ nµy.
When you go to the Post Office, please post this letter for me.
Khi t«i ®Õn, chÞ Êy ®ang viÕt th­.
When I came, she was writing a letter.

3. The preposition "vÒ" means "about"
(Giíi tõ "vÒ" cã nghÜa lµ "about")

Hä ®ang nãi chuyÖn vÒ nh÷ng ngµy nghØ cña hä.
They are talking about their holidays.
§©y lµ cuèn s¸ch vÒ c¸c con vËt.
This is a book about animals.
C¸c sinh viªn ®ang th¶o luËn vÒ ®Ò thi.
Students are discussing their exam questions.
Anh Êy biÕt nhiÒu vÒ ViÖt Nam.
He knows a lot about Vietnam.
Chóng ta sÏ viÕt vÒ c¸i g×?
What will we write about?

4. Some meanings of the word "mµ"
(Mét sè nghÜa cña tõ "mµ")

   a) "mµ" means "but".

T«i kh«ng muèn göi th­ b¶o ®¶m mµ muèn göi th­ nhanh.
I don't want my letter registered, but I want in to be sent by express.
Nhµ t«i kh«ng ph¶i lµ biÖt thù mµ lµ c¨n hé.
My house is not a villa but a flat.
T«i kh«ng uèng cµ phª mµ uèng trµ (chÌ).
I don't drink coffee but tea.

   b) It means "that", "which", "who".

§©y lµ quyÓn tõ ®iÓn mµ t«i ®· mua tuÇn tr­íc.
This is the dictionary which I bought last week.
Ng­êi mµ anh gÆp h«m qua lµ chång em.
The person who you met yesterday is my husband.
T«i ®· hiÓu tÊt c¶ nh÷ng ®iÒu mµ chÞ Êy viÕt trong th­.
I understood everything that she wrote in the letter.
B­u ®iÖn Trung ­¬ng lµ tßa nhµ mµ chóng t«i ®· x©y dùng c¸ch ®©y 20 n¨m.
The Central Post Office is the building which we constructed 20 years ago.

5. Double-complement sentences (C©u cã hai bæ ng÷).

   In Vietnamese there are some verbs which are usually followed by two complements: one indicating the person(s) and the other indicating the thing(s). (Trong tiÕng ViÖt cã mét sè ®éng tõ th­êng ®ßi hái hai bæ ng÷: mét bæ ng÷ chØ ng­êi, mét bæ ng÷ chØ sù vËt).

Xin cho t«i hai vÐ.
Please give me two tickets.
T«i tÆng ng­êi yªu mét tÊm b­u thiÕp rÊt ®Ñp.
I gave my girlfriend a very nice postcard.
T«i ®· göi cho ViÖt Anh mét thiÕp chóc mõng sinh nhËt.
I sent Viet Anh a birthday card.
§Ó anh mua n­íc uèng cho em.
Let me buy a drink for you.
¤ng Êy b¸n cho t«i hai bøc tranh.
He sold me two pictures.
T«i m­în quyÓn tõ ®iÓn nµy cña b¹n t«i.
I borrowed this dictionary from my friend.

   Note (Chó ý): If the complement which indicates the person(s) is placed after the complement which indicates the thing(s), the prepositions such as "cho" (to, for), "cña" (from),... must be used (NÕu bæ ng÷ chØ ng­êi ®i sau bæ ng÷ chØ sù vËt th× c¸c giíi tõ nh­ "cho", "cña",... ph¶i ®­îc sö dông). Examples (VÝ dô):

TuÇn sau t«i sÏ göi bøc th­ nµy cho ng­êi b¹n ë Osaka.
Next week I'll send this letter to my friend in Osaka.
Anh Êy mua chiÕc «-t« cò nµy cña «ng Dòng.
He bought this second-hand car from Mr.Dung.

6. The word "c¸ch" means "way", "how to", "method".

ChÞ Êy biÕt c¸ch nÊu n­íng.
She knows how to cook.
Nã biÕt c¸ch trÌo nói.
He knows how to climb mountains.
Anh Êy h­íng dÉn t«i c¸ch quay sè ®iÖn tho¹i.
He told me how to dial the telephone number.
ThÇy gi¸o d¹y t«i c¸ch b¬i.
The teacher taught me how to swim.

  Note (Chó ý): You can use only "biÕt" to replace "biÕt c¸ch" [to know how] (B¹n cã thÓ chØ dïng "biÕt" thay cho "biÕt c¸ch").

T«i biÕt b¬i = T«i biÕt c¸ch b¬i.
I know how to swim.
Nã biÕt nÊu n­íng = Nã biÕt c¸ch nÊu n­íng.
He knows how to cook.

iii.  thùc hµnh (practice)

   Em yªu dÊu! Ch¾c em d¹o nµy còng bËn l¾m? Lo thi cö l¹i lµm luËn v¨n tèt nghiÖp n÷a, h¼n lµ vÊt v¶ nhiÒu. Em nhí gi÷ g×n søc kháe, ®õng thøc khuya qu¸, em nhÐ.

   Anh hy väng em sÏ hµi lßng víi mãn quµ nhá anh t×m mua ë chî BÕn Thµnh h«m qua. Anh biÕt em rÊt thÝch nh÷ng ®iÒu bÊt ngê v× thÕ anh kh«ng cho em biÕt mét dÊu hiÖu nhá nµo ®Ó em râ nã lµ c¸i g×.

   Em yªu! Chóc em thµnh c«ng trong kú thi tíi. H·y m¬ vÒ nh÷ng ®iÒu tèt ®Ñp cña chóng m×nh, em nhÐ.

Nhí em nhiÒu.
Th©n yªu.    

§ç M¹nh Th¾ng

Ho Chi Minh City February 14, 1996

Dear Kim Oanh,

I was thrilled to receive your letter this afternoon. We have been away from each other for exactly six months, haven’t we. The past six months have been so long to me. I’m just longing to the day when I can come back to Hanoi to be near you again.

You wrote in your letter that this year Hanoi is colder than the previous years. It makes me remember the cold winter afternoon of Hanoi so very much. Here, it is still as warm as in summer. They don’t have the gentle wind and cold, not even the spring rain like in our home city. I miss Turtle Tower, I miss West Lake- where we spent our first date two year ago...

Dearest Kim Oanh, my work here is progressing quite well. I am busy going to enterprises all day. With a graduate fresh from college like me, there are so many new and unfamiliar things in my work. Luckily I have many good friends and colleagues who helped me a lot.

My beloved, you are busy these days as well, aren’t you. You must be very stressful, having to study for your coming exams as well as working on your thesis at the same time. Take care of yourself and don’t stay up too late, for my sake, can you?

I hope you will like my little present I bought from Ben Thanh market yesterday. I know you love surprises, therefore I will not give you the smallest of clue of what my present is.

My love, I hope you will be successful in the upcoming exam. Dream well of all the wonderful things of ours, won’t you?

Miss you much.
Love always    

Do Manh Thang

Th­ göi bè
A letter to father

Hµ Néi ngµy 25 th¸ng 6 n¨m 1996

   Bè kÝnh yªu!

   Tõ ngµy mÑ vµ chóng con rêi thñ ®« Kuala Lumpur ®Õn nay ®· ®­îc ba tuÇn råi. MÑ vµ chóng con nhí bè l¾m. Bè vÉn kháe m¹nh vµ c«ng t¸c b×nh th­êng chø ¹? MÑ vµ chóng con vÉn kháe, bè ¹.

   Bè kÝnh yªu! Trë vÒ Hµ Néi nh­ng h×nh ¶nh Kuala Lumpur cßn in ®Ëm m·i trong trÝ nhí cña chóng con. Chóng con kh«ng bao giê quªn nh÷ng ngµy ®­îc sèng víi bè ë thñ ®« cña n­íc b¹n. §èi víi chóng con, nh÷ng buæi ®­îc bè ®­a ®i tham quan V­ên thó Quèc gia, qu¶ng tr­êng Tù do, c«ng viªn Taman Tasik, siªu thÞ Kotaraya,... thËt lµ bæ Ých vµ lý thó.

   LÇn ®Çu tiªn ®­îc ra n­íc ngoµi, ®­îc tiÕp xóc víi thÕ giíi hiÖn ®¹i, ®­îc thùc hµnh tiÕng Anh víi c¸c b¹n häc sinh Malaysia, chóng con c¶m thÊy m×nh ®· thùc sù lín lªn nhiÒu.

   Bè kÝnh mÕn! Chóng con ®· thi hÕt häc kú II, kÕt qu¶ rÊt tèt, bè ¹. C¶ hai anh em chóng con ®Òu ®¹t ®iÓm cao tuyÖt ®èi ë tÊt c¶ c¸c m«n. Bè göi phÇn th­ëng vÒ cho chóng con, bè nhÐ.

   Th«i con dõng bót t¹i ®©y. Con chóc bè m¹nh kháe vµ may m¾n. Bè cho con göi lêi chóc søc kháe tíi c¸c c« chó sinh viªn Malaysia cña bè.

Con trai cña bè

Mai H¶i §¨ng

V. Bµi tËp (exercises)

a) Join two sentences into one sentence using the word "mµ".
   (Dïng tõ "mµ" nèi hai c©u thµnh mét c©u)

Model (MÉu): T«i mua s¸ch h«m qua.
                       I bought a book yesterday.
                        §ã lµ quyÓn s¸ch tiÕng Anh.
                       It is an English book.

QuyÓn s¸ch mµ t«i mua h«m qua lµ s¸ch tiÕng Anh.

The book which I bought yesterday is an English book.

1. ChÞ Êy ®ang ®äc s¸ch.
She is reading a book.
§ã lµ quyÓn tiÓu thuyÕt rÊt hay.
That is a very interesting novel.

2. Anh Êy mua b¶n ®å.
He bought a map.
§ã lµ tÊm b¶n ®å Hµ Néi.
That is a map of Hanoi.

3. ChÞ Êy mua tõ ®iÓn.
She bought a dictionary.
§ã lµ cuèn tõ ®iÓn ViÖt - Anh.
That is a Vietnamese - English dictionary.

4. Anh Êy m­în s¸ch s¸ng nay.
He borrowed a book this morning.
§ã lµ quyÓn gi¸o tr×nh "TiÕng ViÖt".
That is a textbook of "Vietnamese language".

5. C« Êy ®ang t×m ng­êi ®µn «ng.
She is looking for a man.
§ã lµ chång c« Êy.
That is her husband.

b) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

1. When my friend came, I was reading a newspaper.
2. We'll discuss this problem tomorrow.
3.Though he is married, she still loves him.
4. The woman who you met yesterday is my wife.
5. I don't know how to dance.
6. I want to send this letter to my mother.
7. How much is a registered letter to Kyoto?
8. Who did he give flowers to?
9. She phoned me last week.
10. Please send this letter by airmail.

c) Read the text (Reading comprehension) again, then answer the questions (§äc l¹i bµi ®äc hiÓu vµ tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái).

1. ë thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh cã m­a xu©n kh«ng?
2. C«ng viÖc cña §ç M¹nh Th¾ng tiÕn triÓn thÕ nµo?
3. Kim Oanh lµm nghÒ g×?
4. Kim Oanh lµ sinh viªn n¨m thø mÊy? V× sao anh (chÞ) biÕt?
5. Bè cña H¶i §¨ng ®ang lµm viÖc ë ®©u?
6. H¶i §¨ng nãi ®­îc tiÕng Anh kh«ng?
7. KÕt qu¶ thi cña anh em H¶i §¨ng thÕ nµo?
8. H¶i §¨ng muèn bè göi g× cho m×nh?

VI. Gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (Key to the exercises)

a)
1. QuyÓn s¸ch mµ chÞ Êy ®ang ®äc lµ quyÓn tiÓu thuyÕt rÊt hay.
2. TÊm b¶n ®å mµ anh Êy mua lµ b¶n ®å Hµ Néi.
3. Cuèn tõ ®iÓn mµ chÞ Êy mua lµ tõ ®iÓn ViÖt - Anh.
4. QuyÓn s¸ch mµ anh Êy m­în s¸ng nay lµ gi¸o tr×nh "TiÕng ViÖt".
5. Ng­êi ®µn «ng mµ c« Êy ®ang t×m lµ chång c« Êy.

b)
1. Khi b¹n t«i ®Õn, t«i ®ang ®äc b¸o.
2. Ngµy mai chóng ta sÏ th¶o luËn vÒ vÊn ®Ò nµy.
3. MÆc dï anh Êy cã vî råi nh­ng c« Êy vÉn yªu anh Êy.
4. Ng­êi phô n÷ (®µn bµ) mµ anh (chÞ,...) gÆp h«m qua lµ vî t«i.
5. T«i kh«ng biÕt c¸ch nh¶y (khiªu vò).
    t«i kh«ng biÕt nh¶y (khiªu vò).
6. T«i muèn göi bøc th­ (l¸ th­) nµy cho mÑ t«i.
7. Bao nhiªu tiÒn mét bøc th­ b¶o ®¶m ®i Kyoto.
8. Anh Êy tÆng hoa cho ai?
9. ChÞ Êy (bµ Êy) gäi ®iÖn cho t«i tuÇn tr­íc.
10. Xin göi l¸ th­ nµy qua (b»ng, theo) ®­êng m¸y bay.

c)
1. Kh«ng. ë thµnh phè Hå ChÝ Minh kh«ng cã m­a xu©n.
2. C«ng vÞªc cña §ç M¹nh Th¾ng tiÕn triÓn tèt ®Ñp.
3. ChÞ Êy lµ sinh viªn.
4. Kim Oanh lµ sinh viªn n¨m cuèi cïng.
Bëi v× chÞ Êy ®ang lµm luËn v¨n tèt nghiÖp ®¹i häc.
5. Bè cña H¶i §¨ng ®ang lµm viÖc ë thñ ®« Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
6. H¶i §¨ng nãi ®­îc tiÕng Anh.
7. KÕt qu¶ thi cña anh em H¶i §¨ng rÊt tèt. C¶ hai anh em ®Òu ®¹t ®iÓm cao tuyÖt ®èi ë tÊt c¶ c¸c m«n.
8. H¶i §¨ng muèn bè göi phÇn th­ëng cho H¶i §¨ng.