Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. Héi tho¹i (conversations)

1. §éi nµo sÏ ®o¹t cóp? (Which team will win the Cup?)

2. Ch¬i g×? (What to play?)

*
*     *

3. VÒ §¹i héi thÓ thao toµn quèc.
(About the National Olympic Games)

II. ng÷ ph¸p (Grammar)

1. "hÔ... lµ..." - The pair of  conjunctions used to link two clauses with a supposition - effect relation in a complex sentence. It means "Whenever..., ..." or "If...,...").

("hÔ... lµ..." - CÆp liªn tõ ®­îc dïng ®Ó nèi hai mÖnh ®Ò cã quan hÖ gi¶ thiÕt - kÕt qu¶. Nã cã nghÜa lµ "whenever"; "If").

HÔ cã thêi gian rçi lµ anh Êy ®i ch¬i bãng bµn.
Whenever he has free time, he plays table-tennis.
HÔ anh Êy ®Õn lµ c« Êy khãc.
Whenever he comes, she cries.
HÔ cÇu thñ Maradona xuÊt hiÖn lµ kh¸n gi¶ reo hß.
Whenever the football player Maradona appears, the audience cheer up.

Note: Sometimes "hÔ" can go with the word "th×".
(Chó ý: §«i khi "hÔ" cã thÓ ®i víi "th×").

HÔ c« Êy yªu t«i th× t«i sÏ c­íi c« Êy.
If she loves me, I will marry her.
HÔ b¹n t«i ®Õn th× chÞ gäi t«i nhÐ.
Whenever my friend comes, please call me.

2. "së dÜ... lµ v×..." is used to link two clauses in a complex sentence: the first clause indicating the result and the second one indicating cause or reason. It means "The  reason why... is that..."; "The reason  why... is because...".
("së dÜ... lµ v×..." ®­îc dïng ®Ó nèi hai mÖnh ®Ò trong mét c©u phøc: mÖnh ®Ò thø nhÊt chØ kÕt qu¶, mÖnh ®Ò thø hai chØ nguyªn nh©n, lý do").

Së dÜ ®éi Trung Quèc thua lµ v× hä qu¸ chñ quan.
The reason why the Chinese team lost was that they were very subjective.
Së dÜ c« Êy buån lµ v× anh Êy kh«ng yªu c« Êy.
The reason why she is sad is that he doesn't love her.
Së dÜ tuÇn tr­íc chÞ Êy kh«ng ®i häc lµ v× chÞ Êy bÞ èm.
The reason why she didn't go to University last week was that  she was ill.
Së dÜ c« Êy kh«ng yªu anh Êy lµ v× anh Êy hay say r­îu.
The reason why she doesn't love him is that he is often drunk.

3. "tõ khi", "tõ håi" mean "since".

T«i biÕt anh Êy tõ khi t«i gia nhËp ®éi bãng ®¸.
I have known him since I joined the  football team.
T«i yªu c« Êy  tõ håi c« Êy trä ë nhµ t«i.
I have loved her since she stayed at my house.
T«i häc tiÕng ViÖt tõ khi t«i ®Õn Hµ Néi.
I have been learning Vietnamese since I came to Hanoi.
Chóng t«i biÕt nhau tõ håi hai ®øa cßn nhá.
We have known each other since we (two people) were children.

4. The structure "toµn... c¶... "means "only" or "nothing but". You can use only the word "toµn". (CÊu tróc "toµn... c¶:..." cã nghÜa lµ "only", "nothing but". B¹n cã thÓ chØ dïng mét m×nh tõ "toµn").

H«m nay t«i toµn häc tiÕng ViÖt.
Today I study only Vietnamese.
Today I study nothing but Vietnamese.
ë hiÖu s¸ch nµy, toµn s¸ch tiÕng Hoa c¶.
There are only Chinese books in this bookshop.
H«m nay nã toµn uèng cµ phª.
Today he drinks only coffee.
Today he drinks nothing but coffee.

5. The word "do" (by) is used to make the passive sentences.
(Tõ "do" ®­îc dïng ®Ó cÊu t¹o c©u bÞ ®éng)

Bµn th¾ng ®Çu tiªn do cÇu thñ sè 10 ghi ë phót thø  5.
The first goal of the match  was scored by forward (10) in the fifth minute.

III. Thùc hµnh (Practive)

1. Complete the following conversations
   (Hoµn thµnh c¸c ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

*
*      *

*
*    *

2. Use "së dÜ... lµ v×..." (The reason why... is that...) to link two clauses into one sentence. (Dïng "së dÜ... lµ v×..." nèi hai mÖnh ®Ò thµnh mét c©u).

d) ChÞ Êy kh«ng thÓ ®Õn ®©y.
She can not come here
Chång chÞ Êy ghen.
Her husband is jealous

3. User "hÔ... lµ... (whenever...) to link two clauses into one sentence (Dïng "hÔ... lµ..." nèi hai vÕ thµnh mét c©u).

a) T«i rçi.                   I am free
T«i ch¬i ®µn ghi-ta.   I play guitar

b) Ng­êi yªu cò ®Õn th¨m.
Her former boy-friend comes to visit her.
C« Êy khãc.    She cries

c) Trêi l¹nh.    It is cold
Bµ Êy bÞ ho.     She has a cough

d) ChÞ Êy vÒ muén.    She comes back late
Anh Êy phµn nµn.      He complains

IV. §äc hiÓu (Reading comprehension)

Ai ®· ®Æt ch©n lªn cung tr¨ng tr­íc?

   Con tµu vò trô Apolo cña Mü ®· ®­a mét nhãm nhµ du hµnh vò trô lªn cung tr¨ng vµo n¨m 1969. Tõ ®ã ng­êi ta nghÜ r»ng ®ã lµ nh÷ng ng­êi ®Çu tiªn cã mÆt ë cung tr¨ng. Nh­ng 20 n¨m sau, tøc lµ vµo n¨m 1989, chÝnh c¸c nhµ du hµnh vò trô ®ã l¹i tiÕt lé r»ng khi hä võa tíi mÆt tr¨ng hä ®· ph¸t hiÖn thÊy "dÊu ch©n ng­êi víi n¨m ®Çu ngãn ch©n ®i ®Êt " cßn in râ ë ®ã. Nhµ vËt lý vò trô Mü Can Mªl¬n cho biÕt: C¸c nhµ du hµnh vò trô Mü n¨m 1969 khi b­íc lªn cung tr¨ng rÊt ng¹c nhiªn v× thÊy 23 dÊu ch©n ng­êi víi n¨m ®Çu ngãn ch©n vµ ®· chôp l¹i nh÷ng dÊu ch©n nµy. C¸c nhµ du hµnh vò trô cßn cho biÕt c¸c dÊu ch©n ®ã ®Òu cßn rÊt míi. Nh­ vËy râ rµng lµ ®· cã ng­êi ®Æt ch©n lªn ®ã  tr­íc c¸c nhµ du hµnh vò trô Mü kho¶ng mét vµi tuÇn. Ph¶i ch¨ng ®ã chÝnh lµ nh÷ng ng­êi tõ mét hµnh tinh kh¸c?

(Theo b¸o Phô n÷ ViÖt Nam)

Who First Landed on the Moon?

   The American spaceship ‘Apollo’ brought a group of space explorers to the moon in 1969. Since then it was believed that they were the first people to land on the moon. However, 20 years later, 1989, the space explorers themselves acknowledged that as soon as they landed on the moon they discovered some clearly printed ‘human footprints with five toes bare-footed.’ American space physicist Ken Melon revealed: the 1969 American space explorers were shocked to see 23 human footprints and had taken photos of these footprints. They further admitted that those footprints were all quite recent. Thus it is clear that someone set their foot on the moon several weeks before the American space explorers. Could they be from another planet?

V. Bµi tËp (Exercies)

   a) Change the following sentences into the phassive ones by using the word "do" (dïng "do" chuyÓn c¸c c©u sau thµnh c©u bÞ ®éng).

1. CÇu thñ Maradona ghi bµn th¾ng ®Çu tiªn.
The football player Maradona scored the first goal.
2. B¹n t«i viÕt quyÓn s¸ch nµy.
My friend wrote this book.
3. Anh Êy vÏ bøc tranh nµy.
He painted  this picture.
4. Nhµ m¸y chóng t«i s¶n xuÊt nh÷ng c¸i vît nµy.
Our factory produced these rackets.
5. C«ng nh©n ViÖt Nam x©y dùng cÇu Ch­¬ng D­¬ng.
Vietnamese workers constructed the Chuong Duong bridge

b) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese.
(DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

1. The Vietnamese team beat the Malaysian team with the score of 3-1.

2. The centre-forward number 10 of the Chinese team scored the last goal in the 85^th minute of the match.

3. The Italian team is the strongest in Europe now.

4. Whenever she comes, we walk together in the park.

5. The reason why I didn't come here yesterday was that I missed the plane.

6. I have known her since we studied at the same school.

7. She has loved him since his wife divorced him

8. I want to borrow nothing but English books.

9. The reason why he is sad is that she refused his invitation.

10. He scored the third goal in the second half.

c) Choose one of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks (Chän mét trong nh÷ng tõ ®· cho ë trong ngoÆc ®Ó ®iÒn vµo chç trèng).

1. §éi §øc...................... ®éi Ba Lan víi tû sè 1 - 2.
(th¾ng, thua, hßa, do)

2. HÔ b¹n t«i ®Õn...................... chóng t«i sÏ ®i xem phim.
(ë ®©y, lµ, h«m qua, v× vËy)

3. H«m nay t«i...................... uèng cµ phª.
(kh«ng nh÷ng, lµ, toµn, do, c¶)

4. T«i ch¬i bãng bµn...................... t«i sèng ë ký tóc x¸.
(tõ, vµo, v× sao, tõ håi, mµ)

5. §éi Italia vµ ®éi Brazil...................... 2 - 2.
(th¾ng, thua, ®­îc, hßa, bµn th¾ng)

6. Tßa nhµ nµy...................... ai x©y dùng?
(bÞ, sÏ, ®·, do, lµ)

VI. Gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (Key to the exercises)

a)
1. Bµn th¾ng ®Çu tiªn do cÇu thñ Maradona ghi.
2. QuyÓn s¸ch nµy do b¹n t«i viÕt.
3. Bøc tranh nµy do anh Êy vÏ.
4. Nh÷ng c¸i vît nµy do nhµ m¸y chóng t«i s¶n xuÊt.
5. CÇu Ch­¬ng D­¬ng do c«ng nh©n ViÖt Nam x©y dùng.

b)
1. §éi ViÖt Nam th¾ng ®éi Malaysia víi tû sè 3 - 1
2. Trung phong sè 10 cña ®éi Trung Quèc ghi bµn th¾ng cuèi cïng ë phót 85 cña trËn ®Êu.
3. §éi Italy m¹nh nhÊt ë ch©u ¢u hiÖn nay.
4. HÔ c« Êy ®Õn lµ chóng t«i ®i d¹o víi nhau ë trong c«ng viªn.
5. Së dÜ h«m qua t«i kh«ng ®Õn ®©y lµ v× t«i bÞ nhì m¸y bay.
6. T«i biÕt c« Êy (chÞ Êy) tõ håi (tõ khi) chóng t«i häc ë cïng tr­êng phæ th«ng.
7. C« Êy yªu anh Êy tõ håi (tõ khi) vî anh Êy bá ®i (li dÞ) anh Êy.
8. T«i muèn m­în toµn s¸ch tiÕng Anh.
9. Së dÜ anh Êy buån lµ v× c« Êy tõ chèi lêi mêi cña anh Êy.
10. Bµn th¾ng thø ba do anh Êy ghi ë hiÖp hai.

c)
1. thua     2. lµ     3. toµn
4. tõ håi   5. hßa  6. do