Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. héi tho¹i (conversations)

2. Pháng vÊn mét nhµ ®Çu t­ n­íc ngoµi
    (Interviewing a foreign investor)

II. Ng÷ ph¸p (GRAMMAR)

   1. Some adverbs expressing frequency of occurence of an action. (Mét sè trî tõ biÓu thÞ tÇn sè xuÊt hiÖn cña hµnh ®éng)

Some examples (Mét sè vÝ dô):

T«i kh«ng bao giê hót thuèc.
I never smoke
Anh Êy kh«ng bao giê uèng r­îu.
He never drinks alcohol.

Ýt khi chÞ Êy ®i d¹o víi t«i.
She seldom walks with me.
T«i Ýt khi ®i ngñ tr­íc 11 giê ®ªm.
I seldom go to bed before 11 p.m.

§«i khi c« Êy kh«ng hiÓu t«i.
Shi occasionally doesn't understand me.
Anh Êy ®«i khi vÒ nhµ rÊt muén.
He occasionally comes back home very late.

ThØnh tho¶ng chóng t«i ®i xem xiÕc.
Sometimes we go to the circus.
ChÞ Êy thØnh tho¶ng ®Õn ®©y.
She sometimes comes here.

TuÇn nµy t«i th­êng xuyªn ë nhµ.
This week, I often stayed at home.
¤ng Êy th­êng ®i ViÖt Nam vµo mïa thu.
He often goes to Vietnam in the Autumn.

MÆt trêi lu«n lu«n mäc ë h­íng ®«ng.
The sun always rises in the East.
MÆt trêi lu«n lÆn ë h­íng t©y.
The Sun always sets in the West.

2. The pattern "... nµo còng..."or"... nµo... còng... " means "all", "every".

Sinh viªn nµo còng ph¶i thi.
Every student has to take the examination.
S¶n phÈm nµo cña chóng t«i còng ph¶i c¹nh tranh víi hµng ngo¹i.
All our products face competition from foreign goods.
ë lµng t«i, nhµ nµo còng ®Ñp.
In my village, all the houses are nice.
ë phßng nµy, c« nµo còng xinh.
In this room, every girl is pretty.

3. "ai còng" or "ng­êi nµo còng" means "everyone", "everybody".

Trong líp nµy, ai còng häc tiÕng ViÖt.
In this class, everybody studies Vietnamese.
ë ®©y ng­êi nµo còng th«ng minh.
Everyone here is intelligent.
Ai còng muèn trë thµnh triÖu phó.
Everyone wants to become a millionaire.
Ng­êi nµo còng cÇn tiÒn.
Everyone needs money.

   * You can replace "ai còng" or "ng­êi nµo còng" by "tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi" or "mäi ng­êi" (All people). [B¹n cã thÓ thay "ai còng", "ng­êi nµo còng" b»ng "tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi" hoÆc "mäi ng­êi"].

TÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu cÇn tiÒn.
All people need money.

   * Note: "ai còng", "ng­êi nµo còng" never can be the complements. "mäi ng­êi", "tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi" can be the complements. (Chó ý: "ai còng", "ng­êi nµo còng" kh«ng bao giê lµm bæ ng÷, "mäi ng­êi", "tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi" cã thÓ lµm bæ ng÷).

Can say (Cã thÓ nãi):

T«i muèn gÆp tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi.
T«i muèn gÆp mäi ng­êi.

I want to meet all people.
Cannot say (Kh«ng thÓ nãi):

T«i muèn gÆp ai còng.
T«i mnèn gÆp ng­êi nµo còng.

4. "Nghe nãi" or "Nghe ng­êi ta nãi" means "It is said", "They/ People say", "From hearsay".

Nghe nãi chi Êy s¾p lÊy chång.
It is said she is going to get married.
Nghe nãi «ng cã mét dù ¸n ë §µ N½ng ph¶i kh«ng ¹?
It is said you have a project in Danang, don't you?
Nghe nãi mÊy n¨m gÇn ®©y kinh tÕ ViÖt Nam ph¸t triÓn kh¸ nhanh.
People said that in recent years, Vietnam's economy has developed very fast.
Nghe nãi c« Êy yªu anh l¾m.
I am told she loves you very much.

III. Thùc hµnh (PRACTICE)

   1. Meke sentences according to the model below:
(H·y t¹o c©u theo mÉu sau)

-----> ViÖt Nam xuÊt khÈu g¹o sang Malaysia.
          Vietnam exports rice to Malaysia.
-----> Maylaysia nhËp khÈu g¹o tõ ViÖt Nam
          Malaysia imports rice from Vietnam.

2.Complete the following conversation.
(Hoµn thµnh ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

   3. Change the following sentences according to the model below. (ChuyÓn ®æi c¸c c©u theo mÉu d­íi ®©y)

a) ë th­ viÖn nµy, mäi quyÓn tiÓu thuyÕt ®Òu hay.
In this library, all novels are interesting.
b) Mäi thø ë ®©y ®Òu tèt.
All things here are good.
c) ë phè nµy, mäi nhµ ®Òu ®Ñp.
In this street, all the houses are nice.
d) ë quª t«i, mäi gia ®×nh ®Òu cã tivi.
In my village, all families have a T.V.
e) ë cöa hµng nµy, mäi c¸i tivi ®Òu ®¾t.
In this shop, all the televisions are expensive.
f) B©y giê mäi phè ®Òu s¹ch
Now all the streets are clean.
g) H«m nay mäi cöa hµng ®Òu më cöa.
Today all the shops are open.

IV. §äc hIÓu (Reading comprehension)

ViÖt Nam - Con hæ b¾t ®Çu thøc giÊc
Vietnam   - The tiger is waking up

   Víi diÖn tÝch 329.600 km² vµ víi d©n sè h¬n 75 triÖu ng­êi, ViÖt Nam thuéc vµo lo¹i n­íc kh«ng nhá. Tuy nhiªn, do nhiÒu n¨m chiÕn tranh liªn miªn, kh«ng cã ®iÒu kiÖn ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ nªn ViÖt Nam trë thµnh mét trong sè nh÷ng n­íc nghÌo. §êi sèng cña nh©n d©n nãi chung cßn rÊt thÊp so víi nhiÒu n­íc trªn thÕ giíi.

   Sau khi miÒn nam hoµn toµn gi¶i phãng, ®Æc biÖt lµ tõ sau n¨m 1986, chÝnh phñ ViÖt Nam b¾t ®Çu thùc hiÖn chÝnh s¸ch më cöa vµ ®æi míi kinh tÕ, "bé mÆt" cña x· héi ViÖt Nam ®­îc thay ®æi nhanh chãng.

   LuËt ®Çu t­ n­íc ngoµi vµ hµng lo¹t chÝnh s¸ch míi vÒ kinh tÕ ®· b¾t ®Çu ph¸t huy hiÖu lùc, thu hót ®­îc sù chó ý cña c¸c nhµ ®Çu t­ vµ c¸c th­¬ng gia n­íc ngoµi. Sè vèn ®Çu t­ n­íc ngoµi ®· nhanh chãng ®¹t tíi con sè hµng tû ®«-la Mü, trong ®ã ®øng hµng ®Çu lµ c¸c dù ¸n vÒ du lÞch, kh¸ch s¹n, dÇu khÝ vµ xuÊt nhËp khÈu.

   Víi chÝnh s¸ch më cöa, ®æi míi kinh tÕ theo h­íng thÞ tr­êng tù do cã sù ®iÒu khiÓn vµ kiÓm so¸t cña nhµ n­íc, chØ trong mét thêi gian ng¾n, kinh tÕ ViÖt Nam ®· cã nh÷ng biÕn ®æi râ rÖt. Tr­íc ®©y, n¹n ®ãi x¶y ra h»ng n¨m, ViÖt Nam ph¶i nhËp khÈu g¹o tõ c¸c n­íc kh¸c. B©y giê, ViÖt Nam  ®øng thø ba vÒ xuÊt khÈu g¹o (sau Mü vµ Thailand). C¸c nhµ m¸y thñy ®iÖn lín nh­ s«ng §µ (1.900 MW), Yaly ®· ®­îc hoµn thµnh. §­êng d©y t¶i ®iÖn b¾c - nam 500 KW còng ®· ®­îc x©y dùng xong. S¶n l­îng dÇu th« t¨ng nhanh, cã kh¶ n¨ng ®¹t tíi con sè 20 triÖu tÊn vµo n¨m 2000, v.v.

   Víi tiÒm n¨ng s½n cã vÒ tµi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn vµ lùc l­îng lao ®éng, víi truyÒn thèng lÞch sö anh hïng céng víi chÝnh s¸ch ®æi míi vÒ kinh tÕ, chÝnh s¸ch më cöa ®Ó lµm b¹n víi tÊt c¶ c¸c n­íc, ViÖt Nam ®· nhanh chãng "®øng dËy" vµ b­íc ®Çu héi nhËp ®­îc víi c¸c n­íc trong khu vùc. ThÊy râ ®­îc nh÷ng ®iÓm m¹nh ®ã cña ViÖt Nam vµ t­¬ng lai cña nã, nhiÒu ng­êi n­íc ngoµi, ®Æc biÖt lµ c¸c nhµ kinh tÕ häc, ®· vÝ ViÖt Nam nh­ mét "con hæ b¾t ®Çu thøc giÊc". NhËn xÐt ®ã, cã lÏ cã mét phÇn sù thËt.

With a total area of 329,600 square kilometres and a population of more than 75 million, it is safe to say that Vietnam is not a small country. However, years of constant war and little opportunity to develop the economy has placed Vietnam among the world’s poorest nations. The living standard of Vietnamese people is relatively low compare to many other countries worldwide.

After South Vietnam’s liberation, especially since 1986 when the Vietnamese government started its "open door" and economic reform policies, the "face " of Vietnam’s society had been drastically changed.

The Foreign Investment Law and a series of other new economic policies have gradually proved to be effective, attracting the attention of many foreign investors and businessmen. Foreign investments had quickly amounted to billions of US dollars, of which projects on tourism, hospitality, oil and export-import sectors are heading the list.

With the "open door" policy and economic reforms conforming to the free market under reasonable control and checking from the government, in just a short time, Vietnam’s economy had experienced some radical changes. Some time ago, famines occurred every year, forcing Vietnam to import rice from other countries. Now Vietnam is the third largest rice exporter (behind America and Thailand). Big hydro-electric factories such as Da River (1,900MW), Yaly have finished their constructions, ready for use. The North-South power transmission line has also been completed. Crude oil quantity has rocketed and there is a possibility of achieving 20 million tonnes in the year 2000.

With the potential of available natural resources and labour force; a proud, heroic history together with economic reforms and an open door policy to befriend all countries in the world, Vietnam has quickly stood up and started integrating into the South-East Asian region. Clearly aware of Vietnam’s strengths and future, many foreigners, especially economists, have compared Vietnam to a "waking tiger". This comment, perhaps, has some truth to it.

v. bµi tËp (exercises)

a) Change the following sentences according to the model below.
   (ChuyÓn ®æi c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu d­íi ®©y)

ë ®©y tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu trÎ.
All people here are young.
ë ®©y ai còng trÎ.
ë ®©y ng­êi nµo còng trÎ.
Everyone here is young.

1. Trong líp t«i, tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu th«ng minh vµ ch¨m chØ.
   In my class, all the people are intelligent and hard-working.
2. Ngµy mai tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu ph¶i ®i kiÓm tra søc kháe.
   Tomorrow, all people will have to check their health.
3. ë ký tóc x¸ nµy, tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu häc tiÕng ViÖt.
   In this  hostel, all the people study Vietnamese.
4. Khi «ng Êy nãi, tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu buån ngñ.
   When he speaks, all people are sleepy.
5. TÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ®Òu thÝch sèng ë phè nµy.
   All people like living in this street.

b) Find the incorrect sentences and correct them.
   (T×m vµ ch÷a c©u sai)

1. TÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi ë líp nµy ®Òu häc tiÕng ViÖt.
2. Ai còng ë líp nµy häc tiÕng ViÖt.
3. T«i ®· gÆp tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi.
4. T«i ®· gÆp ai còng.
5. Trong phßng nµy c¸i bµn nµo ®Òu míi.
6. H«m nay mäi cöa hµng còng ®ãng cöa.
7. Ng­êi nµo còng ë ®©y th«ng minh.
8. Mäi ng­êi ë ®©y ®Òu th«ng minh.
9. MÆt trêi thØnh tho¶ng mäc ë h­íng ®«ng.
10. C« g¸i nµo ë líp t«i còng ®Ñp.

c) Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
   (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

1. We want to export coffee to Malaysia.
2. We want to import palm oil from Malaysia.
3. I never get up after 7 a.m.
4. Sometimes we go to the cinema together.
5. Every student has to study hard.
6. Everybody wants to have lots of money.
7. It is said he is going to get married.
8. We have carried out the open-door policy since 1986.
9. People's living standard has improved markedly.
10. We have co-operated with some French investors to build a new hotel in Hanoi.

Vi. gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

a)
1. Trong líp t«i, ai còng th«ng minh vµ ch¨m chØ.
  Trong líp t«i, ng­êi nµo còng th«ng minh vµ ch¨m chØ.
2. Ngµy mai ai còng ph¶i ®i kiÓm tra søc kháe.
  Ngµy mai ng­êi nµo còng ph¶i ®i kiÓm tra søc kháe.
3. ë ký tóc x¸ nµy, ai còng häc tiÕng ViÖt.
  ë ký tóc x¸ nµy, ng­êi nµo còng häc tiÕng ViÖt.
4. Khi «ng Êy nãi, ai còng buån ngñ.
  Khi «ng Êy nãi, ng­êi nµo còng buån ngñ.
5. Ai còng thÝch sèng ë phè nµy.
  Ng­êi nµo còng thÝch sèng ë phè nµy.

b)
1. Correct
2. ë líp nµy ai còng häc tiÕng ViÖt.
3. Correct
4. T«i ®· gÆp tÊt c¶ mäi ng­êi.
5. Trong phßng nµy, c¸i bµn nµo còng míi.
  Trong phßng nµy, mäi c¸i bµn ®Òu míi.
6. H«m nay mäi cöa hµng ®Òu ®ãng cöa.
  H«m nay cöa hµng nµo còng ®ãng cöa.
7. ë ®©y ng­êi nµo còng th«ng minh.
8. Correct
9. MÆt trêi lu«n lu«n mäc ë h­íng ®«ng.
10. Correct

c)
1. Chóng t«i muèn xuÊt khÈu cµ phª sang Malaysia.
2. Chóng t«i muèn nhËp khÈu dÇu cä tõ Malaysia.
3. T«i kh«ng bao giê dËy (thøc dËy) sau 7 giê s¸ng.
4. ThØnh tho¶ng chóng t«i ®i xem phim víi nhau.
  ThØnh tho¶ng chóng t«i cïng ®i xem phim.
5. Sinh viªn nµo còng ph¶i häc ch¨m (häc tËp ch¨m chØ).
6. Ai còng muèn cã nhiÒu tiÒn.
7. Nghe nãi anh Êy s¾p lÊy vî.
  Nghe nãi anh Êy s¾p x©y dùng gia ®×nh.
8. Chóng t«i thùc hiÖn chÝnh s¸ch më cöa tõ n¨m 1986.
9. Møc sèng cña nh©n d©n ®­îc c¶i thiÖn râ rÖt.
10. Chóng t«i ®· hîp t¸c víi mét sè nhµ ®Çu t­ Ph¸p ®Ó x©y dùng mét kh¸ch s¹n míi ë Hµ Néi.