Thêi sù

§êi sèng chÝnh trÞ

Kinh tÕ - X· héi

I. héi tho¹i (conversations)

1. Ngµy bao nhiªu? - What is the date today?

2. Th¸ng mÊy? - What is the month?

3. Nãi chuyÖn trªn ®­êng (Talking on the road)

ii. ng÷ ph¸p (grammar)

1. Way of telling the days of a month
   (C¸ch nãi ngµy cña th¸ng)

   * From the 1st to 10th of a month, you use "mïng" or "mång" and number (Tõ ngµy 1 ®Õn ngµy 10, b¹n dïng tõ "mïng" hoÆc "mång" vµ sè ®Õm). For examples (VÝ dô):

H«m nay lµ ngµy mïng mét th¸ng s¸u.
Today is the first of June.
Ngµy mai lµ mïng chÝn th¸ng m­êi.
Tomorrow is the 9th of  October.

   * From the 11th to 31st, you use number only (Tõ 11 ®Õn 31 b¹n chØ dïng sè ®Õm). Examples (VÝ dô):

H«m nay lµ ngµy hai t¸m th¸ng b¶y.
Today is 28th of July.
H«m qua lµ m­êi chÝn th¸ng t­.
Yesterday was 19th of April.

H«m nay lµ ngµy bao nhiªu?
What is the date today?
Ngµy mai lµ ngµy bao nhiªu?
What will be the date tomorrow?

2. Way of telling the periods of time in a day
   (C¸ch nãi c¸c kho¶ng thêi gian trong mét ngµy)

   a) ban ngµy / ban ®ªm
    in the daytime / at night

3. When you want to ask about the days of a week, you use "thø mÊy"? (What day?).

H«m nay lµ thø mÊy?
What day is it today?
H«m nay lµ chñ nhËt.
Today is Sunday.

4. The adverbs of time "®·", "®ang", "sÏ" always stand before verbs.
  (C¸c phã tõ chØ thêi gian "®·", "®ang", "sÏ" lu«n ®øng tr­íc ®éng tõ.

   a) "®·" (already) used to express past simple time.
   ("®·" ®­îc dïng ®Ó biÓu thÞ thêi qu¸ khø ®¬n gi¶n)

   TuÇn tr­íc t«i ®· gÆp c« Êy.
   I met her last week.

   b) "®ang" (doing) - used to express the present simple time.
   ("®ang" ®­îc dïng ®Ó biÓu thÞ thêi hiÖn t¹i ®¬n gi¶n)

   ChÞ Êy ®ang lµm bµi tËp.
   She is doing her exercises.

   c) "sÏ" (will, shall) - used to express the simple future time.
   ("sÏ" chØ thêi t­¬ng lai ®¬n gi¶n).

   T«i sÏ häc tiÕng Ph¸p.
   I shall study French.

Question (C©u hái): ®·........ ch­a? (Have/Has....... yet?)

CËu ®· lµm bµi tËp ch­a?
Have you done the exercises?
Råi. Tí lµm råi.
Yes. I have already.
Ch­a. Tí ch­a lµm.
No. I haven't

5. The words "bao giê", "khi nµo" (when) are placed at the beginning of questions to ask about the future time (C¸c tõ "bao giê", "khi nµo" ®­îc ®Æt ë ®Çu c©u ®Ó hái vÒ thêi gian t­¬ng lai).

Bao giê anh ®i Singapore?
When will you go to Singapore?
TuÇn sau t«i sÏ ®i Singapore.
I' ll go to Singapore next week.

Khi nµo chÞ Êy sÏ ®Õn ®©y?
When will she come here?
Ngµy mai.
Tomorrow.

    * "bao giê", "khi nµo" are placed at the end of questions to ask about the past time ("bao giê", "khi nµo" ®Æt ë cuèi c©u ®Ó hái vÒ thêi gian qu¸ khø).

Anh ®Õn ®©y bao giê?
When did you come here?
T«i ®Õn ®©y h«m qua.
I came here yesterday.
¤ng Êy rêi Hµ Néi khi nµo?
When did he leave Hanoi?
¤ng Êy rêi Hµ Néi tuÇn tr­íc.
He left Hanoi last week.

III. Thùc hµnh (practice)

   * Replace the word chñ nhËt by the following words
   (Thay tõ "chñ nhËt" b»ng c¸c tõ sau)

2.    H«m nay lµ thø mÊy?
       What day is it today?

    * Replace "H«m nay" by the following words to make new questions, then answer them (Thay tõ "H«m nay" b»ng c¸c tõ d­íi ®©y ®Ó t¹o ra nh÷ng c©u hái míi, sau ®ã tr¶ lêi c¸c c©u hái ®ã).

   * Make question by using the words in column A to replace the word H«m nay, then use the words in column B to answer these questions (H·y t¹o c©u hái b»ng c¸ch dïng nh÷ng tõ ë cét A thay cho tõ "H«m nay", sau ®ã dïng c¸c tõ ë cét B ®Ó tr¶ lêi nh÷ng c©u hái ®ã).

    B©y giê lµ th¸ng mÊy?
    What month is it now?
    B©y giê lµ th¸ng t­.
    It is April now.

    * Use the following words to answer the question
       (Dïng c¸c tõ sau tr¶ lêi c©u hái)

   B©y giê lµ th¸ng mÊy? (What month is it now?)

5. T«i sinh ngµy mïng m­êi th¸ng hai n¨m mét ngh×n chÝn tr¨m n¨m l¨m (10-2-1955).

   I was born on February 10th, 1955.

   H«m nay lµ ngµy mïng bèn th¸ng ba n¨m mét ngh×n chÝn tr¨m chÝn s¸u  (4-3-1996).

   Today is the 4th of March, 1996.

   * Read the following sentences (§äc c¸c c©u sau):

Con trai c¶ cña t«i sinh 14-2-1982.
Con trai thø hai cña t«i sinh 25-6-1989.
Em trai t«i sinh 2-1-1957.
H«m nay lµ 11-12-1996.
Ngµy 4-5-1997 bè t«i ®i Mü.

   * Replace the word "ngµy lÔ" by the following
     (Thay tõ "ngµy lÔ" b»ng c¸c tõ sau)

   * Use the word "Bao giê" to make other questions and use the following words to answer them (Dïng "Bao giê" ®Ó t¹o ra nh÷ng c©u hái kh¸c vµ dïng c¸c tõ d­íi ®©y ®Ó tr¶ lêi nh÷ng c©u hái ®ã).

   * Use the following to answer the question (Dïng c¸c tõ sau tr¶ lêi c©u hái).

ChÞ mua c¸i nhµ nµy bao giê?
When did you buy this house?

   * Answer the following questions in the affirmative and in the negative (Tr¶ lêi kh¼ng ®Þnh vµ phñ ®Þnh nh÷ng c©u hái sau)

   Anh ®· lµm bµi tËp ch­a?
   Have you done the exercises?
   ChÞ ®· ¨n c¬m tèi ch­a?
   Have you had dinner?
   CËu ®· ®äc quyÓn s¸ch nµy ch­a?
   Have you read this book?
   Anh ®· mua nhµ míi ch­a?
   Have you bought a new house?

   10. Complete the following conversation
      (Hoµn thµnh ®o¹n héi tho¹i sau)

IV. ®äc hiÓu (Reading comprehension)

C¸c ngµy lÔ ë ViÖt Nam
Holidays in Vietnam

   Còng nh­ nhiÒu n­íc trªn thÕ giíi, ViÖt Nam chµo ®ãn n¨m míi d­¬ng lÞch vµo ngµy mïng mét th¸ng giªng h»ng n¨m.

   TÕt ©m lÞch th­êng ®Õn vµo th¸ng hai d­¬ng lÞch. Trong dÞp TÕt ©m lÞch, nh©n d©n ViÖt Nam ®­îc nghØ ba ngµy: Ngµy cuèi cïng cña n¨m cò vµ ngµy mïng mét, mïng hai th¸ng giªng n¨m míi. TÕt ©m lÞch lµ ngµy héi lín nhÊt vµ cã ý nghÜa nhÊt ®èi víi ng­êi ViÖt.

   Trong dÞp TÕt, c¸c thµnh viªn trong gia ®×nh th­êng trë vÒ quª h­¬ng häp mÆt, chóc TÕt bè mÑ vµ th¨m hái hä hµng cïng bµ con l¸ng giÒng.

   Mïng mét th¸ng n¨m lµ ngµy Quèc tÕ Lao ®éng. Trong dÞp nµy, nh÷ng ng­êi lao ®éng ViÖt Nam ®­îc nghØ mét ngµy r­ìi: chiÒu 30 th¸ng t­ (nh©n dÞp gi¶i phãng miÒn nam) vµ ngµy mïng mét th¸ng n¨m.

   Kû niÖm Quèc kh¸nh, nh©n d©n ViÖt Nam ®­îc nghØ hai ngµy: mïng hai vµ mïng ba th¸ng chÝn.

Holidays in Vietnam

   Like many countries in the world, Vietnam welcomes the New Year of the solar calendar on January 1 every year.

   The Tet Am lich (Lunar New Year) always falls in February of the solar calendar. During the New Year holidays, Vietnamese people have three days off: year-end and the first two days of the New Year. The Lunar New Year is a big and sacred festival for the Vietnamese people.

   During Tet, members of Vietnamese families come back to their home villages and towns from work to congratulate their parents and visit neighbours, friends and relatives.

   May 1 is International Labour Day, when Vietnamese labourers have one and a half days off: afternoon of April 30 (the liberation day of the South) and May 1.

   For the National Day, Vietnamese people have two days off: September 2 and 3.

Tõ ng÷ - Vocabulary

v. bµi tËp (exercises)

   1. How to ask? (Hái thÕ nµo?)

   a) You don't know what day today is, how do you ask your friend (His name is Nam)? (Anh kh«ng biÕt h«m nay lµ thø mÊy, anh hái b¹n Nam thÕ nµo?).

   b) You don't know what date today is, how do you ask your friend (Her name is Lan)? (ChÞ kh«ng biÕt h«m nay lµ ngµy bao nhiªu, chÞ hái b¹n Lan thÕ nµo?).

   c) You think that today is Saturday but you are not sure, how do you ask your friend (His name is L©m)? (Anh nghÜ r»ng h«m nay lµ thø b¶y nh­ng kh«ng ch¾c ch¾n, anh hái b¹n L©m thÕ nµo?).

   2. Find incorrect sentences and correct them
      (T×m vµ ch÷a c©u sai)

   a) H«m nay lµ t¸m th¸ng hai.
   b) H«m kia lµ mïng m­êi mét th¸ng s¸u.
   c) Ngµy mai lµ mïng chÝn th¸ng t¸m.
   d) H«m qua b¹n t«i sÏ ®i Tokyo.
   e) Ngµy mai t«i ®ang ë nhµ.
   g) ¤ng Êy sÏ mua «-t« hai th¸ng tr­íc.
   h) Th¸ng nµy lµ mÊy th¸ng?
   i) H«m nay lµ ngµy hai mét th¸ng bèn.

   3. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words
      (§iÒn c¸c tõ thÝch hîp vµo chç trèng)   

   4. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
      (DÞch c¸c c©u sau sang tiÕng ViÖt)

   a) Today is Friday.
   b) When will you buy a new house?
   c) When did he buy the Sony TV?
   d) How many months are there in a year?
   e) How many days are there in August?
   g) My friend was born on May 1st, 1976.
   h) Has he left for Osaka?
   i) He is reading books at the library.

vi. gi¶i ®¸p bµi tËp (key to the exercises)

1.

   a) Nam ¬i! H«m nay lµ thø mÊy?
   b) Lan ¬i! H«m nay lµ ngµy bao nhiªu?
   c) L©m ¬i! H«m nay lµ thø b¶y ph¶i kh«ng?

2.

   a) H«m nay lµ (ngµy) mïng t¸m th¸ng hai.
   b) H«m kia lµ m­êi mét th¸ng s¸u.
   c) Correct
   d) H«m qua b¹n t«i ®· ®i Tokyo.
       Ngµy mai b¹n t«i sÏ ®i Tokyo.
       Ngµy kia b¹n t«i sÏ ®i Tokyo.
       ...............................
   e) Ngµy mai t«i sÏ ë nhµ.
   g) ¤ng Êy ®· mua «-t« hai th¸ng tr­íc.
   h) Th¸ng nµy lµ th¸ng mÊy?
   i) H«m nay lµ ngµy hai mèt th¸ng t­.

3.

4.

   a) H«m nay lµ thø s¸u.
   b) Bao giê (khi nµo) anh (chÞ,...) mua nhµ míi?
   c) ¤ng Êy (anh Êy) mua tivi Sony bao giê?
   d) Cã bao nhiªu th¸ng trong mét n¨m?/
       Mét n¨m cã bao nhiªu th¸ng?
   e) Cã bao nhiªu ngµy trong th¸ng t¸m?/
       Th¸ng t¸m cã bao nhiªu ngµy?
   g) B¹n t«i sinh ngµy mïng mét th¸ng n¨m n¨m 1976.
   h) ¤ng Êy (anh Êy) ®· ®i Osaka ch­a?
   i) Anh Êy («ng Êy) ®ang ®äc s¸ch ë th­ viÖn.

   (*) C¸c c¸ch biÓu hiÖn thêi trong tiÕng ViÖt kh¸ ®a d¹ng vµ phøc t¹p. Tõ "®·" ch¼ng h¹n, kh«ng chØ biÓu thÞ thêi qu¸ khø mµ cßn cã thÓ biÓu thÞ c¶ thêi hiÖn t¹i vµ t­¬ng lai. Tõ "§ang" còng cã thÓ biÓu thÞ c¶ qu¸ khø lÉn t­¬ng lai. Tuy nhiªn ®©y lµ gi¸o tr×nh tiÕng ViÖt dµnh cho nh÷ng ng­êi míi b¾t ®Çu häc nªn ch­a thÓ ®i s©u vµo nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò phøc t¹p nµy ®­îc. Nã sÏ ®­îc tr×nh bµy cÆn  trong mét gi¸o tr×nh kh¸c cã tÝnh chÊt n©ng cao h¬n.